{"id":21144,"date":"2019-12-02T10:33:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T10:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/yasuni-itt\/"},"modified":"2024-09-19T16:27:39","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T16:27:39","slug":"yasuni-itt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/es\/yasuni-itt\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #114: Explotaci\u00f3n Petrolera se adentra m\u00e1s en el Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed (Ecuador)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Mapa Base. Explotaci\u00f3n Petrolera en el Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed. Click para agrandar.<\/div><\/div>\n

El\u00a0Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed<\/strong>, ubicado en el coraz\u00f3n de la Amazon\u00eda ecuatoriana<\/strong>, es uno de los lugares con mayor biodiversidad del mundo y forma parte del territorio ancestral de los pueblos Waorani<\/strong> (ver Mapa Base<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

No obstante, el subsuelo de esta vasta \u00e1rea alberga cuantiosas reservas de petr\u00f3leo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

En julio del 2019, los Waorani ganaron una importante victoria legal para impedir la actividad petrolera en la parte oeste de su territorio (Bloque 22<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, en el presente reporte mostramos la construcci\u00f3n de nuevas plataformas petroleras en el pol\u00e9mico Bloque ITT<\/strong>, en la parte noreste del Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Calculamos la deforestaci\u00f3n directa de 57,3 <\/strong>hect\u00e1reas<\/strong> para plataformas y carreteras dentro el Bloque ITT y el adyacente Bloque 31.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, incorporando los efectos de borde<\/strong> causados por la deforestaci\u00f3n, el \u00e1rea impactada en estos dos bloques se eleva en por lo menos 655<\/strong>\u00a0 hect\u00e1reas<\/strong>, superando el l\u00edmite de 300 hect\u00e1reas establecido en la Consulta Popular del 2018<\/span>.*<\/p>\n

<\/div>
\nBloque ITT<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El Bloque ITT<\/strong> es una de las partes m\u00e1s remotas e intactas del Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed. En el 2007, el gobierno ecuatoriano lanz\u00f3 una iniciativa \u00fanica para mantener el petr\u00f3leo de ITT bajo tierra a cambio de una compensaci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica de la comunidad internacional (Iniciativa Yasun\u00ed-ITT<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, en el 2013 la Iniciativa fracas\u00f3 y fue abandonada. Ahora el gobierno est\u00e1 avanzando en sus planes de extracci\u00f3n de petr\u00f3leo en ITT.<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, presentamos un\u00a0video de im\u00e1genes satelitales <\/strong>de la nueva actividad petrolera al interior del Bloque ITT, en el Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed. Se trata de la construcci\u00f3n de 4 plataformas <\/strong>(Tambococha A,B,D,E) y una v\u00eda de acceso<\/strong>, entre el 2017 y 2019. La deforestaci\u00f3n<\/strong> asociada es de 28.5 hect\u00e1reas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Zona Intangible<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hay planes para al menos 3 plataformas m\u00e1s<\/strong>, hacia el sur (ver c\u00edrculo amarillo). Estas plataformas estar\u00edan muy cerca de la zona de amortiguamiento de la Zona Intangible.<\/strong><\/p>\n

En el 2007, se delimit\u00f3 la Zona Intangible\u00a0<\/strong>en donde las actividades extractivas, incluyendo la petrolera, est\u00e1n prohibidas con el fin de proteger el territorio de los parientes del Waorani\u00a0en aislamiento voluntario<\/strong>\u00a0(Tagaeri, Taromenane).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Plataformas petroleras planificadas (ver c\u00edrculo amarillo) cerca de la zona de amortiguamiento de la Zona Intangible. Click para agrandar.<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

*Notas<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Los efectos de borde son los impactos que se extienden hacia el bosque circundante desde el borde de la deforestaci\u00f3n. Estos impactos incluyen cambios en la estructura del bosque y el microclima, mayor mortalidad de los \u00e1rboles, y mayor susceptibilidad al fuego. Basado en el estudio de Broadbent et al (2008), incorporamos un efecto de borde de 100 metros, lo que representa la distancia media de efectos de borde registrados en 62 estudios cient\u00edficos. Consideramos que esta es una estimaci\u00f3n conservadora y que podr\u00eda justificarse 300-2000 metros seg\u00fan los datos.<\/p>\n

Un informe reciente de la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo de Ecuador estima que la deforestaci\u00f3n combinada con el ruido de las plataformas y carreteras efectivamente impacta 597<\/strong>\u00a0hect\u00e1reas <\/strong>en estos dos bloques, tambi\u00e9n superando el l\u00edmite de 300 hect\u00e1reas establecida en la Consulta Popular del 2018. Seg\u00fan la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo de Ecuador, en su Resoluci\u00f3n 00826 de noviembre del 2018: La utilizaci\u00f3n de generadores el\u00e9ctricos y motores producen fuertes ruidos que impactan un \u00e1rea de 300 metros a la redonda de las plataformas, seg\u00fan indica la extrapolaci\u00f3n de las estimaciones de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental de Petroamazonas. Adicionalmente, se estima que el ruido impacta un \u00e1rea de 60 metros a la redonda de las carreteras. Entonces, se estima que el \u00e1rea total afectada por el ruido de la actividad petrolera es de 597 ha.<\/p>\n

Ver este estudio del Colectivo de Geograf\u00eda Cr\u00edtica del Ecuador<\/a> para m\u00e1s detalles. Cabe mencionar que este estudio deja fuera las afectaciones abi\u00f3ticas directas al aire y al agua.<\/p>\n

En el MAAP #82<\/a>, hemos documentado la deforestaci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de 400<\/strong>\u00a0hect\u00e1reas<\/b> relacionada al impacto de las actividades petroleras en todo el Parque.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Referencias<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bass M, Finer M, Jenkins C et al (2010) Global Conservation Significance of Ecuador’s Yasun\u00ed National Park. PLOS ONE. Link: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0008767<\/a><\/p>\n

Finer M et al (2009) Ecuador’s Yasun\u00ed Biosphere Reserve: a brief modern history and conservation challenges. ERL. Link: https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/4\/3\/034005\/fulltext\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Broadbent EB, Asner GP et al (2008) Forest fragmentation and edge effects from deforestation
\nand selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon. Bio Cons 141:1745\u20131757.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Agradecimientos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Agradecemos a A. Puyol (EcoCiencia), M. Bayon (Colectivo de Geograf\u00eda Cr\u00edtica del Ecuador), E. Mart\u00ednez, y G. Palacios por sus \u00fatiles comentarios a este reporte.<\/p>\n

Este trabajo se realiz\u00f3 con el financiamiento de: International Conservation Fund of Canada (ICFC), Fundaci\u00f3n MacArthur, Metabolic Studio, and Global Forest Watch Small Grants Fund (WRI).<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Thieme A, Hettler B (2019) Explotaci\u00f3n Petrolera se adentra m\u00e1s en el Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed (Ecuador). MAAP: 114.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El\u00a0Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed, ubicado en el coraz\u00f3n de la Amazon\u00eda ecuatoriana, es uno de los lugares con mayor biodiversidad del mundo y forma parte del territorio ancestral de los pueblos Waorani (ver Mapa Base). No obstante, el subsuelo de esta vasta \u00e1rea alberga cuantiosas reservas de petr\u00f3leo. En julio del 2019, los Waorani ganaron una […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[318,350],"tags":[214],"ftr_agriculture":[],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[399],"fire":[],"infrastructure-threat":[429],"land-use":[432],"mining-and-logging-threat":[],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-21144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hidrocarburos","category-paisesecuador","tag-maap-114","ftr_country-ecuador","infrastructure-threat-petroleo","land-use-territorios-indigenas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #114: Explotaci\u00f3n Petrolera se adentra m\u00e1s en el Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed (Ecuador) - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/es\/yasuni-itt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #114: Explotaci\u00f3n Petrolera se adentra m\u00e1s en el Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed (Ecuador) - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El\u00a0Parque Nacional Yasun\u00ed, ubicado en el coraz\u00f3n de la Amazon\u00eda ecuatoriana, es uno de los lugares con mayor biodiversidad del mundo y forma parte del territorio ancestral de los pueblos Waorani (ver Mapa Base). 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