{"id":21153,"date":"2020-06-30T18:34:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-30T18:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/2019-amazonia\/"},"modified":"2024-09-24T20:29:38","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T20:29:38","slug":"2019-amazonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/es\/2019-amazonia\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #122: Deforestaci\u00f3n en la Amazon\u00eda 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Tabla 1. Amazon\u00eda 2019. P\u00e9rdida de bosque primario del 2019 (red) comparada con el 2018 (anaranjado). Datos: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, MAAP.<\/div><\/div>\n

Los recientes datos publicados para el 2019<\/strong> revelan la deforestaci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s 1.7 millones de hect\u00e1reas<\/strong>\u00a0de bosque primario amaz\u00f3nico en nuestra \u00e1rea de estudio que abarca 5 pa\u00edses (Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador y Per\u00fa).*<\/p>\n

La tabla 1 <\/strong>muestra la deforestaci\u00f3n del 2019 (rojo<\/strong><\/span>) en relaci\u00f3n con el 2018 (anaranjado).<\/p>\n

La p\u00e9rdida de bosque primario en\u00a0la Amazon\u00eda brasile\u00f1a<\/strong> (1,29 millones de hect\u00e1reas) fue m\u00e1s de 3,5 veces mayor que los otros cuatro pa\u00edses combinados, con un ligero aumento en el 2019 en relaci\u00f3n con el a\u00f1o anterior. Muchas de estas \u00e1reas fueron deforestadas en la primera mitad del a\u00f1o y luego se quemaron en agosto, captando la atenci\u00f3n global.<\/p>\n

La p\u00e9rdida de bosque primario se elev\u00f3 considerablemente en la Amazon\u00eda boliviana <\/strong>(222,834 hectares), en gran medida por los incendios descontrolados en el bosque seco del sur de la Amazon\u00eda (ver abajo).<\/p>\n

La p\u00e9rdida de bosque primario aument\u00f3 ligeramente en la Amazon\u00eda peruana<\/strong> (161,625 hectares) a pesar de las efectivas medidas contra la miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera ilegal, indicando a la agricultura de peque\u00f1a escala (y la ganader\u00eda) como los drivers principales.<\/p>\n

En el lado positivo, la p\u00e9rdida del bosque primario disminuy\u00f3 en la Amazon\u00eda colombiana <\/strong>(91,400 hectares), tras un auge que se dio despu\u00e9s del acuerdo de paz del 2016 (entre el Gobierno y las FARC). Cabe resaltar que hemos documentado la deforestaci\u00f3n de 444,000 hect\u00e1reas de bosque primario en la Amazon\u00eda colombiana en los \u00faltimos cuatro a\u00f1os desde el acuerdo de paz (ver anexo).<\/p>\n

*Dos puntos importantes sobre los datos: (1) usamos los datos de p\u00e9rdida de bosque anual de la universidad de Maryland para tener una fuente consistente<\/strong> en los 5 pa\u00edses: y (2) aplicamos un filtro para solo incluir la p\u00e9rdida de bosque primario <\/strong>(ver Metodolog\u00eda).<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Mapa de Hotspots de Deforestaci\u00f3n del 2019<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El Mapa Base<\/strong> a continuaci\u00f3n muestra los principales hotspots de deforestaci\u00f3n<\/strong> en la Amazon\u00eda.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mapa Base. Hotspots de Deforestaci\u00f3n del 2019 en la Amazon\u00eda. Datos: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, MAAP.<\/div><\/div>\n

Muchos de los principales hotspots se encuentran en Brasil<\/strong>. A inicios de a\u00f1o, en marzo, hubo incendios descontrolados en el norte, en el estado de Roraima. Mientras que hacia el sur, a lo largo de la carretera Transamaz\u00f3nica, gran parte de la deforestaci\u00f3n ocurri\u00f3 en la primera mitad del a\u00f1o, seguido de destacados incendios que iniciaron a fines de julio. Note que muchos de estos incendios ardieron en \u00e1reas recientemente deforestadas, y no se trat\u00f3 de incendios forestales descontrolados (MAAP #113<\/a>).<\/p>\n

La Amazon\u00eda brasile\u00f1a tambi\u00e9n experiment\u00f3 un aumento en la deforestaci\u00f3n por la miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera en territorios ind\u00edgenas (MAAP #116<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Bolivia <\/strong>tambi\u00e9n tuvo una intensa temporada de incendios en el 2019. A diferencia de Brasil, muchos fueron incendios descontrolados, especialmente en los pastizales del Beni y en el bosque seco Chiquitano en el sur de la Amazon\u00eda boliviana (MAAP #108<\/a>).<\/p>\n

En Per\u00fa<\/strong>, a pesar de que la deforestaci\u00f3n por miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera disminuy\u00f3 (MAAP #121<\/a>), la agricultura a peque\u00f1a escala (incluso por ganader\u00eda) contin\u00faa siendo un driver principal en la Amazon\u00eda centro (MAAP #112<\/a>) y un driver emergente en la Amazon\u00eda sur.<\/p>\n

En Colombia<\/strong> hay un \u201carco de deforestaci\u00f3n\u201d al noroeste de la Amazon\u00eda. Este arco incluye cuatro \u00e1reas protegidas (los Parques Nacionales Tinigua, Chiribiquete y Sierra de La Macarena, y la Reserva Comunal Nukak) y dos Reservas Ind\u00edgenas<\/strong> (Resguardos Ind\u00edgenas Nukak-Maku y Llanos del Yari-Yaguara II) que est\u00e1n atravesando por una considerable deforestaci\u00f3n (MAAP #120<\/a>). El principal\u00a0motor (driver)\u00a0de la deforestaci\u00f3n en la regi\u00f3n es la conversi\u00f3n a pastos para el acaparamiento de tierras y la ganader\u00eda.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Anexo: Tendencia de p\u00e9rdida de bosque primario en la Amazon\u00eda colombiana<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Anexo 1. P\u00e9rdida de bosque primario en la Amazon\u00eda colombiana, 2015-20. Datos: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, UMD\/GLAD. *Hasta mayo 2020<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Metodolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The baseline forest loss data presented in this report were generated by the\u00a0Global Land Analysis and Discovery<\/a>\u00a0(GLAD) laboratory at the University of Maryland (Hansen et al 2013) and presented by\u00a0Global Forest Watch<\/a>. Our study area is strictly what is highlighted in the Base Map.<\/p>\n

For our estimate of primary forest loss<\/strong>, we used the annual \u201cforest cover loss\u201d data with density >30% of the \u201ctree cover\u201d from the year 2001. Then we intersected the forest cover loss data with the additional dataset \u201cprimary humid tropical forests\u201d as of 2001 (Turubanova et al 2018). For more details on this part of the methodology, see the\u00a0Technical Blog<\/a>\u00a0from Global Forest Watch\u00a0(Goldman and Weisse 2019).<\/p>\n

For boundaries, we used the biogeographical limit (as defined by RAISG) for all countries except Bolivia, where we used the Amazon watershed limit (see Base Map).<\/p>\n

All data were processed under the geographical coordinate system WGS 1984. To calculate the areas in metric units, the projection was: Peru and Ecuador UTM 18 South, Bolivia UTM 20 South, Colombia MAGNA-Bogot\u00e1, and Brazil Eckert IV.<\/p>\n

Lastly, to identify the deforestation hotspots, we conducted a kernel density estimate. This type of analysis calculates the magnitude per unit area of a particular phenomenon, in this case forest cover loss. We conducted this analysis using the Kernel Density tool from Spatial Analyst Tool Box of ArcGIS. We used the following parameters:<\/p>\n

Search Radius: 15000 layer units (meters)
\nKernel Density Function: Quartic kernel function
\nCell Size in the map: 200 x 200 meters (4 hectares)
\nEverything else was left to the default setting.<\/p>\n

For the Base Map, we used the following concentration percentages:\u00a0Medium: 7%-10%; High: 11%-20%; Very High: >20%.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Referencias<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Goldman L, Weisse M (2019)\u00a0Explicaci\u00f3n de la Actualizaci\u00f3n de Datos de 2018 de Global Forest Watch.\u00a0https:\/\/blog.globalforestwatch.org\/data-and-research\/blog-tecnico-explicacion-de-la-actualizacion-de-datos-de-2018-de-global-forest-watch<\/a><\/p>\n

Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend. 2013. \u201cHigh-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change.\u201d Science 342 (15 November): 850\u201353. Data available on-line from:\u00a0http:\/\/earthenginepartners.appspot.com\/science-2013-global-forest<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Turubanova S., Potapov P., Tyukavina, A., and Hansen M. (2018) Ongoing primary forest loss in Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia.\u00a0Environmental Research Letters\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aacd1c\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Agradecimientos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Agradecemos a G. Palacios por sus \u00fatiles comentarios a este reporte.<\/p>\n

Este trabajo se realiz\u00f3 con el financiamiento de:\u00a0 Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), International Conservation Fund of Canada (ICFC), NASA\/USAID (SERVIR), Fundaci\u00f3n MacArthur, Metabolic Studio, and Global Forest Watch Small Grants Fund (WRI).<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Mamani N (2020) Deforestaci\u00f3n en la Amazon\u00eda 2019. MAAP: 122.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Los recientes datos publicados para el 2019 revelan la deforestaci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s 1.7 millones de hect\u00e1reas\u00a0de bosque primario amaz\u00f3nico en nuestra \u00e1rea de estudio que abarca 5 pa\u00edses (Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador y Per\u00fa).* La tabla 1 muestra la deforestaci\u00f3n del 2019 (rojo) en relaci\u00f3n con el 2018 (anaranjado). 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