{"id":21283,"date":"2016-05-16T13:21:00","date_gmt":"2016-05-16T13:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/rio-madeira\/"},"modified":"2024-09-17T14:12:12","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T14:12:12","slug":"rio-madeira","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/es\/rio-madeira\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #34: Nuevas Represas en el R\u00edo Madeira (Brasil) Causan Deforestaci\u00f3n por Inundaciones"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las tierras bajas de la Amazon\u00eda han estado conectadas acu\u00e1ticamente con la cordillera de los\u00a0<\/b>Andes durante millones de a\u00f1os\u00a0con solo seis\u00a0r\u00edos*<\/strong> (Caquet\u00e1, \u00a0Madeira,\u00a0Mara\u00f1on, Napo, Putumayo, y Ucayali), como se aprecia en la Imagen 34a<\/strong>. Esta\u00a0\u00edntima\u00a0<\/span>conexi\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0permite la alimentaci\u00f3n de la Amazon\u00eda con los sedimentos y nutrientes\u00a0de los Andes, as\u00ed como el paso\u00a0<\/span>de peces (bagres) migratorias hacia sus zonas de desove\u00a0en las colinas andinas.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Imagen
Imagen 34a. Datos: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES\/Airbus DS, USDA, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo<\/div><\/div>\n

Sin embargo,\u00a0uno de<\/span>\u00a0los<\/span> seis principales\u00a0<\/span>afluentes<\/span> andinos<\/span>\u00a0recientemente\u00a0ha sido<\/span> represado<\/span>\u00a0en su<\/span> cauce principal<\/span>: el R<\/strong>\u00edo<\/strong><\/span> Madeira<\/strong>, en<\/span> el oeste de<\/span> Brasil <\/span><\/strong>(ver el Cuadro A)<\/span>. La<\/span>\u00a0represa<\/span>\u00a0Santo<\/span> Ant\u00f4nio<\/span><\/strong> se complet\u00f3 en<\/span> 2011<\/span>, seguida\u00a0por la represa<\/strong><\/span> Jirau<\/span><\/strong> aguas arriba<\/span> en 2013<\/span>. N\u00f3tese que estas represas se encuentran\u00a0aguas abajo del r\u00edo Madre de Dios (uno de los afluentes principales del R\u00edo<\/span> Madeira)<\/span>, entonces impactos ecol\u00f3gicos (por ejemplo, interrumpir el tr\u00e1nsito de bagres migratorios<\/strong>**) son muy relevantes a Per\u00fa\u00a0tambi\u00e9n.<\/p>\n

En el presente\u00a0MAAP<\/span> #34<\/span><\/strong>, se describe la p\u00e9rdida de bosque\u2014<\/span>m\u00e1s de<\/span> 36,100<\/span> hect\u00e1reas\u2014<\/span><\/strong>debido\u00a0a <\/span>la<\/span> inundaci\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0causada por\u00a0estas<\/span>\u00a0represas,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>con un enfoque en la represa Jirau<\/span>.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Zoom A: P\u00e9rdida\u00a0de Bosque por Inundaciones<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La Imagen 34b<\/strong>\u00a0muestra la<\/span> p\u00e9rdida de bosque<\/span>\u00a0debido a las inundaciones<\/span> aguas arriba de<\/span> la represa<\/span> Jirau<\/span>. Hasta\u00a02015, la<\/span> superficie <\/span>inundada<\/span><\/strong> por ambas<\/span> represas<\/span>\u00a0fue de\u00a036,139<\/span> hect\u00e1reas (equivalente a 49,450\u00a0campos de f\u00fatbol<\/span>).<\/span>\u00a0Las\u00a0inundaciones<\/span> se detectaron<\/span>\u00a0a partir del\u00a02010<\/span>, se elevaron<\/span>\u00a0sustancialmente<\/span> entre 2011-12<\/span>, y<\/span> alcanzaron su punto m\u00e1ximo<\/span> en 2014<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan<\/span> Fearnside 2014<\/a>,<\/span> a pesar de que gran parte del<\/span> bosque a lo largo<\/span> del r\u00edo Madeira<\/span> se inunda<\/span> estacionalmente<\/span>, muere cuando es\u00a0inundado de forma permanente***.<\/span> Por lo tanto<\/span>, el \u00e1rea inundada<\/span> es<\/span> una medida apropiada de<\/span> la p\u00e9rdida de bosque<\/span>.<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, mostramos una serie de im\u00e1genes de las \u00e1reas indicadas en el\u00a0Cuadro B\u00a0<\/strong>(ver las Im\u00e1genes 34c-e) y en el Cuadro C\u00a0<\/strong>(ver la Imagen 34f).<\/p>\n

\"Imagen
Imagen 34b. Datos: USGS, CLASlite, Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA.<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Zoom B: Inundaciones<\/span>\u00a0Alrededor<\/span>\u00a0la Represa<\/span> Jirau<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

La Imagen 34c<\/strong>\u00a0muestra las inundaciones aguas arriba de la represa Jirau entre 2011 (panel izquierda) y 2015 (panel derecha). El punto rojo indica\u00a0el mismo lugar en ambas im\u00e1genes.\u00a0A continuaci\u00f3n, mostramos im\u00e1genes de alta-resoluci\u00f3n\u00a0de los \u00e1reas indicados por los Cuadros B1 y B2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"Imagen
Imagen 34c. Inundaciones inmediatamente aguas arriba de la represa Jirau entre 2011 (panel izquierda) y 2015 (panel derecha).<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Zooms B1 y B2: Represa Jirau y sus Inundaciones<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La Imagen<\/strong><\/span> 34d<\/strong>\u00a0muestra una vista<\/span> de alta resoluci\u00f3n<\/span> de la represa <\/span>Jirau en julio de 2015. La<\/span>\u00a0Imagen<\/span> 34e<\/strong>\u00a0muestra una vista<\/span> de alta resoluci\u00f3n<\/span> de una parte de<\/span> la zona inundada<\/span>\u00a0aguas arriba<\/span> de la represa<\/span> Jirau en agosto de 2015 (e<\/span>l punto rojo indica\u00a0el mismo lugar en ambos paneles).<\/p>\n

\"Imagen
Imagen 34d. Vista de alta resoluci\u00f3n de la represa Jirau. Datos: WorldView-2 from Digital Globe (NextView).<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\"Imagen
Imagen 34e: Vista de alta resoluci\u00f3n de una parte de la zona inundada inmediatamente aguas arriba de la represa de Jirau. Datos: WorldView-2 from Digital Globe (NextView).<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Zoom C: Inundaciones <\/span>Aguas Arriba<\/span> de<\/span> la Represa <\/span>Jirau<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

La Imagen 34f<\/strong>\u00a0muestra las inundaciones aguas arribas de la represa Jirau entre 2011 (panel izquierda) y 2015 (panel derecha).\u00a0El punto rojo indica\u00a0el mismo lugar en ambas im\u00e1genes.<\/p>\n

\"Imagen
Imagen 34f. Las inundaciones de bosques de aguas arribas de la represa de Jirau entre 2011 (panel izquierda) y 2015 (panel derecha). Datos: USGS<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Referencias<\/strong><\/h3>\n

*Finer M, Jenkins CN (2012)\u00a0Proliferation of Hydroelectric Dams in the Andean Amazon and Implications for Andes-Amazon Connectivity. PLOS ONE: 7(4): e35126. Link:\u00a0http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0035126<\/a><\/p>\n

**Duponchelle F et al (2016) Trans-Amazonian natal homing in giant catfish.\u00a0J. Appl. Ecol. http:\/\/doi.org\/bd45<\/p>\n

***Fearnside PM (2014) Impacts of Brazil’s Madeira River dams: Unlearned lessons for hydroelectric development in Amazonia. Environmental Science & Policy 38: 164-172.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Olexy T (2015) Nueva Represa en el R\u00edo Madeira (Brasil) Causa Deforestaci\u00f3n por Inundaciones. MAAP: 34.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las tierras bajas de la Amazon\u00eda han estado conectadas acu\u00e1ticamente con la cordillera de los\u00a0Andes durante millones de a\u00f1os\u00a0con solo seis\u00a0r\u00edos* (Caquet\u00e1, \u00a0Madeira,\u00a0Mara\u00f1on, Napo, Putumayo, y Ucayali), como se aprecia en la Imagen 34a. Esta\u00a0\u00edntima\u00a0conexi\u00f3n\u00a0permite la alimentaci\u00f3n de la Amazon\u00eda con los sedimentos y nutrientes\u00a0de los Andes, as\u00ed como el paso\u00a0de peces (bagres) migratorias hacia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[348,306],"tags":[73],"ftr_agriculture":[],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[449],"fire":[],"infrastructure-threat":[428],"land-use":[],"mining-and-logging-threat":[],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-21283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paisesbrasil","category-represas","tag-maap-34","ftr_country-brasil","infrastructure-threat-represas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #34: Nuevas Represas en el R\u00edo Madeira (Brasil) Causan Deforestaci\u00f3n por Inundaciones - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/es\/rio-madeira\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #34: Nuevas Represas en el R\u00edo Madeira (Brasil) Causan Deforestaci\u00f3n por Inundaciones - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Las tierras bajas de la Amazon\u00eda han estado conectadas acu\u00e1ticamente con la cordillera de los\u00a0Andes durante millones de a\u00f1os\u00a0con solo seis\u00a0r\u00edos* (Caquet\u00e1, \u00a0Madeira,\u00a0Mara\u00f1on, Napo, Putumayo, y Ucayali), como se aprecia en la Imagen 34a. 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