{"id":21968,"date":"2023-10-18T18:13:40","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T18:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=21968"},"modified":"2025-08-06T14:54:01","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T14:54:01","slug":"maap-197-mineria-ilegal-de-oro-en-la-amazonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/es\/maap-197-mineria-ilegal-de-oro-en-la-amazonia\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #197: Miner\u00eda ilegal de oro en la Amazon\u00eda"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Ejemplo de gran zona de miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera en la Amazon\u00eda peruana.<\/div><\/div>\n

La miner\u00eda ilegal de oro<\/strong> (miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera) sigue siendo uno de los principales problemas a los que se enfrentan casi todos los pa\u00edses amaz\u00f3nicos.<\/p>\n

De hecho, tras la reciente cumbre de alto nivel de la Organizaci\u00f3n del Tratado de Cooperaci\u00f3n Amaz\u00f3nica, los l\u00edderes de las naciones firmaron la Declaraci\u00f3n de Bel\u00e9m<\/a><\/strong>, que contiene el compromiso de prevenir y combatir la miner\u00eda ilegal, incluyendo el fortalecimiento de la cooperaci\u00f3n regional e internacional (Objetivo 32).<\/p>\n

La miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera ilegal es una gran amenaza para la Amazon\u00eda porque afecta tanto a los bosques primarios como a los r\u00edos, a menudo en zonas remotas y cr\u00edticas como \u00e1reas protegidas y territorios ind\u00edgenas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Es decir, la miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera ilegal es a la vez un importante causa directa de deforestaci\u00f3n<\/strong> y una fuente de contaminaci\u00f3n del agua<\/strong> (especialmente por mercurio) en toda la Amazon\u00eda.<\/p>\n

Anteriormente, en el MAAP#178<\/a><\/strong>, presentamos una visi\u00f3n general a gran escala de los principales focos de deforestaci\u00f3n causados por la miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera en todo el bioma amaz\u00f3nico. Descubrimos que la miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera est\u00e1 activamente causando deforestaci\u00f3n en casi todos los nueve pa\u00edses amaz\u00f3nicos.<\/p>\n

En el presente reporte, se actualiza este an\u00e1lisis con dos adiciones importantes. Primero, a\u00f1adimos a la visi\u00f3n general las principales operaciones de extracci\u00f3n de oro en los r\u00edos<\/strong>, adem\u00e1s de las que causan deforestaci\u00f3n (ver la Figura 1<\/strong>). Luego, presentamos un nuevo mapa de los probables puntos de extracci\u00f3n de oro ilegal<\/strong>, basado en la informaci\u00f3n facilitada por nuestros socios y en la ubicaci\u00f3n de \u00e1reas protegidas y territorios ind\u00edgenas (ver Figura 2<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Mapa Actualizado de la Miner\u00eda Aur\u00edfera en la Amazon\u00eda<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La Figura 1<\/strong> es nuestro mapa actualizado de la miner\u00eda de oro en la Amazon\u00eda. Los puntos anaranjados<\/strong><\/span> indican las zonas en las que la extracci\u00f3n de oro est\u00e1 causando actualmente la deforestaci\u00f3n de los bosques primarios. Los puntos azules<\/strong><\/span> indican las zonas donde se extrae oro de los r\u00edos. En conjunto, documentamos 58 sitios mineros activos<\/strong> en bosques y r\u00edos en todo el Amazonas.<\/p>\n

Los puntos marcados en rojo<\/strong><\/span> indican los lugares de extracci\u00f3n que probablemente sean ilegales, tanto en bosques como en r\u00edos. Encontramos al menos 49 casos de miner\u00eda ilegal<\/strong> en todo el Amazonas, la gran mayor\u00eda de los sitios mineros activos mencionados anteriormente.<\/p>\n

Note la concentraci\u00f3n de miner\u00eda ilegal que causa deforestaci\u00f3n en el sur de Per\u00fa, en el este de Brasil y en Ecuador. Del mismo modo, note las concentraciones de miner\u00eda ilegal en los r\u00edos del norte de Per\u00fa y de los pa\u00edses lim\u00edtrofes Colombia y Brasil.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Figura 1. Mapa actualizado de la miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera en la Amazon\u00eda. Datos: ACA\/MAAP. Haga clic para ampliar.<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

\u00c1reas Protegidas & Territorios Ind\u00edgenas<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La Figura 2<\/strong> a\u00f1ade a las \u00e1reas protegidas y los territorios ind\u00edgenas. Encontramos 36 conflictos socioambientales<\/strong>: 16 en \u00e1reas protegidas y 20 en territorios ind\u00edgenas. Tambi\u00e9n encontramos otros dos conflictos con Bosques Nacionales brasile\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

Destacamos una serie de zonas de alta conflictividad. Para las \u00e1reas protegidas<\/strong>: Parque Nacional Podocarpus en Ecuador; Parque Nacional Madidi en Bolivia; Parques Nacionales Canaima, Caura y Yapacana en Venezuela. Observamos que el estado peruano ha estado minimizando eficazmente las invasiones en \u00e1reas protegidas de la regi\u00f3n sur de Madre de Dios (Reserva Nacional Tambopata y Reserva Comunal Amarakaeri).<\/p>\n

Para los territorios ind\u00edgenas<\/strong>: Kayapo, Menkragnoti, Yanomami y Mundurucu en Brasil; Pueblo Shuar Arutam en Ecuador; y\u00a0varias comunidades del sur del Per\u00fa.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Figura 2. Mapa de la miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera en la Amazon\u00eda, incluyendo \u00e1reas protegidas y territorios ind\u00edgenas. Datos: ACA\/MAAP, RAISG. Haga clic para ampliar.<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Metodolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Los sitios mineros forestales que se muestran en la Figura 1 se basan en gran medida en informaci\u00f3n obtenida durante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os de nuestro trabajo de monitoreo de la deforestaci\u00f3n. Los sitios fluviales se basan en gran medida en informaci\u00f3n obtenida de socios en el pa\u00eds y sobre el terreno.<\/p>\n

Complementamos esta informaci\u00f3n con datos automatizados basados de Amazon Mining Watch<\/a> y datos de RAISG<\/a>. Para estas fuentes, verificamos im\u00e1genes recientes y solo incluimos sitios que parec\u00edan estar todav\u00eda activos.<\/p>\n

La clasificaci\u00f3n como sitio minero ilegal se basa en gran medida en su ubicaci\u00f3n dentro de \u00e1reas protegidas o territorios ind\u00edgenas, o claramente fuera de una zona minera autorizada.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Mamani N, Arinez A, Novoa S, Larrea-Alc\u00e1zar D, Villa J (2023) Miner\u00eda ilegal de oro en la Amazon\u00eda. MAAP: 197.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La miner\u00eda ilegal de oro (miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera) sigue siendo uno de los principales problemas a los que se enfrentan casi todos los pa\u00edses amaz\u00f3nicos. De hecho, tras la reciente cumbre de alto nivel de la Organizaci\u00f3n del Tratado de Cooperaci\u00f3n Amaz\u00f3nica, los l\u00edderes de las naciones firmaron la Declaraci\u00f3n de Bel\u00e9m, que contiene el compromiso […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"ftr_agriculture":[],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[396,449,398,399,478,483,482],"fire":[],"infrastructure-threat":[],"land-use":[433,432],"mining-and-logging-threat":[434],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-21968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar","ftr_country-bolivia","ftr_country-brasil","ftr_country-colombia","ftr_country-ecuador","ftr_country-guayana-francesa","ftr_country-peru-2","ftr_country-surinam","land-use-areas-protegidas","land-use-territorios-indigenas","mining-and-logging-threat-mineria-de-oro"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #197: Miner\u00eda ilegal de oro en la Amazon\u00eda - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/es\/maap-197-mineria-ilegal-de-oro-en-la-amazonia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #197: Miner\u00eda ilegal de oro en la Amazon\u00eda - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La miner\u00eda ilegal de oro (miner\u00eda aur\u00edfera) sigue siendo uno de los principales problemas a los que se enfrentan casi todos los pa\u00edses amaz\u00f3nicos. 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