{"id":22716,"date":"2023-12-04T14:32:52","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T14:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=22716"},"modified":"2024-09-26T18:17:51","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T18:17:51","slug":"maap-200-portugues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-200-portugues\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #200: Estado da Amaz\u00f4nia em 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Figura 1. Vis\u00e3o mais recente sem nuvens de todo o bioma Amaz\u00f4nia (2023, trimestre 3). Dados: Planet, NICFI, ACA\/MAAP.<\/div><\/div>\n

O <\/span>primeiro relat\u00f3rio do MAAP<\/span><\/a> , publicado em mar\u00e7o de 2015, analisou detalhadamente o crescente desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana.<\/span><\/p>\n

Os 198 relat\u00f3rios a seguir, nos \u00faltimos 8,5 anos, continuaram a examinar as quest\u00f5es mais urgentes relacionadas ao desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Em nosso <\/span>200\u00ba <\/b>relat\u00f3rio<\/b> ,<\/b> fornecemos nossa avalia\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida do estado atual da Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/span><\/p>\n

No geral, a situa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 terr\u00edvel, com a Amaz\u00f4nia se aproximando de dois <\/span>pontos cr\u00edticos de inflex\u00e3o<\/b> induzidos pelo desmatamento . O primeiro \u00e9 a amplamente temida convers\u00e3o de florestas tropicais \u00famidas em savanas mais secas, devido \u00e0 diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da reciclagem de umidade na Amaz\u00f4nia (veja <\/span>MAAP #164<\/span><\/a> ). O segundo \u00e9 a mais recentemente temida convers\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia como um sumidouro cr\u00edtico de carbono amortecendo a mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica global, para uma fonte de carbono que a alimenta (veja <\/span>MAAP #144<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e1 motivos para esperan\u00e7a, no entanto. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel proteger o n\u00facleo da Amaz\u00f4nia a longo prazo, j\u00e1 que quase metade agora \u00e9 designada como <\/span>\u00e1reas protegidas e territ\u00f3rios ind\u00edgenas<\/b> , ambos com taxas de desmatamento muito mais baixas do que as \u00e1reas vizinhas (veja <\/span>MAAP #183<\/span><\/a> ). Al\u00e9m disso, novos dados da NASA revelam que a Amaz\u00f4nia ainda abriga <\/span>reservas abundantes de carbono<\/b> nessas \u00e1reas centrais (veja <\/span>MAAP #160<\/span><\/a> e <\/span>MAAP #199<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9m no front de not\u00edcias positivas, relatamos recentemente uma <\/span>grande redu\u00e7\u00e3o (mais da metade) na perda de floresta prim\u00e1ria<\/b> entre o ano atual de 2023 e o ano passado de 2022 em toda a Amaz\u00f4nia, especialmente no Brasil e na Col\u00f4mbia ( <\/span>MAAP #201<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

Muito se fala sobre <\/span>os inc\u00eandios na Amaz\u00f4nia<\/b> na m\u00eddia, mas nos \u00faltimos anos revelamos que a grande maioria dos grandes inc\u00eandios na Amaz\u00f4nia (nomeadamente, no Brasil, Bol\u00edvia, Peru e Col\u00f4mbia) est\u00e3o, na verdade, queimando \u00e1reas recentemente desmatadas ( <\/span>MAAP #168<\/span><\/a> ). \u00c9 somente durante as intensas esta\u00e7\u00f5es secas que alguns desses inc\u00eandios escapam e se tornam inc\u00eandios florestais reais.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Figura 1<\/b> mostra a vis\u00e3o mais recente sem nuvens de todo o bioma da Amaz\u00f4nia. No lado positivo, pode-se ver claramente que o n\u00facleo da Amaz\u00f4nia ainda est\u00e1 de p\u00e9. No lado negativo, no entanto, o desmatamento em expans\u00e3o ao redor das bordas \u00e9 evidente.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Principais Frentes de Desmatamento \u2013 2023<\/b><\/h3>\n

Nesta se\u00e7\u00e3o, revisamos as principais frentes atuais de desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Figura 2<\/b> indica essas frentes (inser\u00e7\u00f5es AH) em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos dados de hotspots de desmatamento nos \u00faltimos 8 anos durante o per\u00edodo de monitoramento ativo do MAAP (2015-2022). Abaixo, descrevemos cada \u00e1rea de desmatamento, por pa\u00eds. Os drivers comuns em v\u00e1rios pa\u00edses da Amaz\u00f4nia incluem estradas ( <\/span>MAAP #157<\/span><\/a> ), agricultura ( <\/span>MAAP #161<\/span><\/a> ), gado e minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro ( <\/span>MAAP #178<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

Observe tamb\u00e9m que, mais abaixo, no <\/span>Anexo<\/b> , mostramos a ordem relativa da perda total de floresta prim\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia por pa\u00eds nos \u00faltimos dois anos: Brasil, de longe, o mais alto, seguido por um grupo intermedi\u00e1rio de Bol\u00edvia, Peru e Col\u00f4mbia, seguido por n\u00edveis mais baixos na Venezuela, Equador, Suriname, Guiana e Guiana Francesa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Figura 2. Pontos cr\u00edticos de perda florestal na Amaz\u00f4nia, 2015-2022. Dados: UMD, Planet\/NICFI, ACA\/MAAP.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Figura 3. Principais pontos cr\u00edticos de perda florestal na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira. Dados: UMD, Planet\/NICFI, ACA\/MAAP.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n

O Brasil continua sendo, de longe, a principal fonte de desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia ( <\/span>MAAP #187<\/span><\/a> ), liderado por tr\u00eas principais fatores: expans\u00e3o de pastagens para gado perto de estradas, planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja e minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro.<\/span><\/p>\n

O desmatamento para novas pastagens para gado est\u00e1 concentrado ao longo das extensas redes rodovi\u00e1rias que abrangem o leste e o sul da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira (por exemplo, Inser\u00e7\u00e3o A).<\/span><\/p>\n

O desmatamento para expans\u00e3o de planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja est\u00e1 concentrado no sudeste da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira (Inserto B; ver <\/span>MAAP #161<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

O desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro afeta v\u00e1rios locais, incluindo v\u00e1rios territ\u00f3rios ind\u00edgenas (por exemplo, Inser\u00e7\u00e3o C; veja <\/span>MAAP #178<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Amaz\u00f4nia boliviana<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Figura 4. Principais pontos cr\u00edticos de perda florestal na Amaz\u00f4nia boliviana. Dados: UMD, Planet\/NICFI, ACA\/MAAP.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n

A Bol\u00edvia emergiu como a segunda principal fonte de desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia, com uma grande tend\u00eancia crescente nos \u00faltimos dois anos ( <\/span>MAAP #187<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

O desmatamento est\u00e1 concentrado na fronteira da soja localizada no sudeste (Inserto D, ver <\/span>MAAP #179<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

Note que, cada vez mais, esse desmatamento de soja \u00e9 realizado por col\u00f4nias menonitas ( <\/span>MAAP #180<\/span><\/a> ). Revelamos que os menonitas causaram o desmatamento de mais de 210.000 hectares desde 2001, incluindo 33.000 hectares desde 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Amaz\u00f4nia peruana<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Figura 5. Principais pontos cr\u00edticos de perda florestal na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana. Dados: UMD, Planet\/NICFI, ACA\/MAAP.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n

O Peru \u00e9 a terceira maior fonte de desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia ( <\/span>MAAP #187<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

Na Amaz\u00f4nia central, temos destacado o r\u00e1pido desmatamento para\u00a0 <\/span>novas col\u00f4nias menonitas<\/b>\u00a0 (ver\u00a0 <\/span>MAAP #188<\/span><\/a> ). Os relat\u00f3rios do MAAP revelaram, em tempo real, que o desmatamento menonita cresceu de zero em 2016 para 3.400 hectares em 2021, para 4.800 hectares em 2022 e para <\/span>7.032 hectares<\/b> em 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

No sul da Amaz\u00f4nia, o desmatamento por minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro continua sendo uma das principais causas de desmatamento, principalmente em comunidades ind\u00edgenas, zonas de amortecimento de \u00e1reas protegidas e dentro do Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o oficial ( <\/span>MAAP #185<\/span><\/a> ). Mais recentemente, mostramos que a minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro causou o desmatamento em quase 24.000 hectares entre apenas 2021 e 2023 ( <\/span>MAAP #195<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Amaz\u00f4nia Colombiana<\/i><\/b>
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Figura 6. Principais pontos cr\u00edticos de perda florestal na Amaz\u00f4nia colombiana. Dados: UMD, Planet\/NICFI, ACA\/MAAP.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n

A Col\u00f4mbia \u00e9 a quarta maior fonte de desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/span><\/p>\n

O desmatamento na Col\u00f4mbia aumentou ap\u00f3s o acordo de paz de 2016 entre o governo colombiano e o grupo guerrilheiro FARC ( <\/span>MAAP #120<\/span><\/a> ), mas foi o \u00fanico pa\u00eds com uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o not\u00e1vel no desmatamento em 2022 ( <\/span>MAAP #187<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

A perda florestal est\u00e1 concentrada em um \u201carco de desmatamento\u201d ao redor de in\u00fameras \u00c1reas Protegidas (como os Parques Nacionais de Chiribiquete, Tinigua e Macarena) e Reservas Ind\u00edgenas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na Col\u00f4mbia, o principal impulsionador direto do desmatamento \u00e9 o pasto para gado, mas essa expans\u00e3o \u00e9 causada em grande parte pela grilagem de terras como um impulsionador indireto cr\u00edtico. As planta\u00e7\u00f5es de coca tamb\u00e9m continuam a ser um impulsionador direto importante em certas \u00e1reas remotas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tanto o gado quanto a coca est\u00e3o impactando \u00e1reas protegidas, especialmente os Parques Nacionais Tinigua e Chiribiquete (gado); e o Parque Nacional Macrarena e a Reserva Natural Nacional Nukak (coca).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Amaz\u00f4nia equatoriana<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Figura 7. Principais pontos cr\u00edticos de perda florestal na Amaz\u00f4nia equatoriana. Dados: UMD, Planet\/NICFI, ACA\/MAAP, RAISG.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n

Embora represente apenas 1% da perda total na Amaz\u00f4nia, o desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia equatoriana foi o\u00a0 <\/span>maior j\u00e1 registrado<\/b>\u00a0 em 2022 (18.902 hectares), um aumento impressionante de 80% desde 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existem v\u00e1rios focos de desmatamento causados \u200b\u200bpela minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro (ver\u00a0 <\/span>MAAP #182<\/span><\/a> ), expans\u00e3o de planta\u00e7\u00f5es de dendezeiros e agricultura de pequena escala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amaz\u00f4nia venezuelana<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n

H\u00e1 um ponto cr\u00edtico de desmatamento causado pela\u00a0 <\/span>minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro no Parque Nacional Yapacana<\/b>\u00a0 (ver\u00a0 <\/span>MAAP #173<\/span><\/a> ,\u00a0 <\/span>MAAP #156<\/span><\/a> ,\u00a0 <\/span>MAAP #169<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Amaz\u00f4nia venezuelana<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n

H\u00e1 um ponto cr\u00edtico de desmatamento causado pela\u00a0 <\/span>minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro no Parque Nacional Yapacana<\/b>\u00a0 (ver\u00a0 <\/span>MAAP #173<\/span><\/a> ,\u00a0 <\/span>MAAP #156<\/span><\/a> ,\u00a0 <\/span>MAAP #169<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Anexo: Perda de Floresta Prim\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia (Por Pa\u00eds), 2021-2022<\/b><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Acknowledgments<\/strong><\/h3>\n

We deeply thank the following funders<\/strong> for supporting MAAP over the past 10 years:
\nInternational Conservation Fund of Canada (ICFC)
\nNorwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD)
\nUnited States Agency for International Development (USAID)
\nMacArthur Foundation
\nAndes Amazon Fund (AAF)
\nWyss Foundation
\nErol Foundation
\nGlobal Forest Watch\/World Resources Institute
\nOverbrook Foundation
\nGlobal Conservation<\/p>\n

We also thank our key data providers<\/strong>:
\nPlanet (optical satellite imagery)
\nUniversity of Maryland (automated forest loss alerts)
\nGlobal Forest Watch (portal featuring integrated forest loss alerts)
\nNICFI monthly mosaics
\nCLASlite (our original forest loss detection tool)<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Citation<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Mamani N, Novoa S, Ari\u00f1ez A (2023) State of the Amazon in 2023. MAAP: 200.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O primeiro relat\u00f3rio do MAAP , publicado em mar\u00e7o de 2015, analisou detalhadamente o crescente desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana. Os 198 relat\u00f3rios a seguir, nos \u00faltimos 8,5 anos, continuaram a examinar as quest\u00f5es mais urgentes relacionadas ao desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia. Em nosso 200\u00ba relat\u00f3rio , fornecemos nossa avalia\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida do estado […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":21600,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"ftr_agriculture":[358,362,364],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[484,485,400,404],"fire":[],"infrastructure-threat":[],"land-use":[457,458],"mining-and-logging-threat":[459],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[465],"class_list":["post-22716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","ftr_agriculture-coca-pt-br","ftr_agriculture-menonitas","ftr_agriculture-oleo-de-palma","ftr_country-colombia-3","ftr_country-equador","ftr_country-peru","ftr_country-venezuela","land-use-areas-protegidas-pt-br","land-use-territorios-indigenas-pt-br","mining-and-logging-threat-mineracao-de-ouro","special-analysis-ponto-de-inflexao"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #200: Estado da Amaz\u00f4nia em 2023 - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-200-portugues\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #200: Estado da Amaz\u00f4nia em 2023 - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O primeiro relat\u00f3rio do MAAP , publicado em mar\u00e7o de 2015, analisou detalhadamente o crescente desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana. 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