{"id":22789,"date":"2022-12-13T10:04:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T10:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=22789"},"modified":"2024-07-12T12:56:30","modified_gmt":"2024-07-12T12:56:30","slug":"maap-171-portugues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-171-portugues\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #171: Desmatamento no Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia Peruana (2021-2022)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Figura 1. Desmatamento recente por minera\u00e7\u00e3o na zona de Guacamayo do Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o (regi\u00e3o de Madre de Dios, no sul da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana). Dados: Planet.<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n

A minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0continua sendo um dos principais causadores do desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do sul (regi\u00e3o de Madre de Dios).<\/span><\/p>\n

Em um relat\u00f3rio recente (\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #154<\/span><\/a>\u00a0), destacamos os principais casos de minera\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal nesta \u00e1rea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na tentativa de organizar as atividades de minera\u00e7\u00e3o e promover um processo de formaliza\u00e7\u00e3o,* o governo peruano delimitou um grande\u00a0<\/span>Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0em Madre de Dios (veja o Mapa Base abaixo).<\/span><\/p>\n

Aqui, analisamos o desmatamento recente (2021 \u2013 2022) no Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o, usando uma nova metodologia.<\/span><\/p>\n

O desmatamento dentro de seus limites \u00e9 importante porque, embora n\u00e3o seja ilegal, pode ser consider\u00e1vel devido \u00e0 grande \u00e1rea coberta pelo Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o (498.296 hectares, ou 1,2 milh\u00e3o de acres).<\/span><\/p>\n

A parte fundamental desta an\u00e1lise \u00e9 a nova capacidade de distinguir o desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o do desmatamento para agricultura, que tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 comum na \u00e1rea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Em resumo, estimamos o\u00a0<\/span>desmatamento direto por minera\u00e7\u00e3o de 11.200 hectares<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(27.675 acres) no Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o nos \u00faltimos dois anos (2021-22).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Desmatamento no Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>
<\/p>\n
\n
Mapa base. Desmatamento por minera\u00e7\u00e3o (vermelho) vs. agricultura (amarelo) dentro do Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o na Amaz\u00f4nia sul do Peru (regi\u00e3o de Madre de Dios), durante os anos de 2021 e 2022. Dados: ACCA\/MAAP.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div><\/div>\n

Encontramos um\u00a0<\/span>desmatamento total de 16.000 hectares<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(39.500 acres) dentro do Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o nos \u00faltimos dois anos (2021 e 2022).<\/span><\/p>\n

Desse total desmatamento,\u00a0<\/span>70% est\u00e1 diretamente ligado \u00e0 minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/span>11.200 hectares<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0; indicado em\u00a0<\/span>vermelho<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0no Mapa Base), enquanto os 30% restantes s\u00e3o perdas na expans\u00e3o agr\u00edcola (4.800 hectares; indicado em amarelo).<\/span><\/p>\n

No Mapa Base, observe que o desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 amplamente concentrado em tr\u00eas \u00e1reas gerais:<\/span>
\n(A) ao longo do Rio Madre Dios, (B) a zona de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de Guacamayo (veja tamb\u00e9m a Figura 1, acima) e (C) ao redor do per\u00edmetro da zona de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de Huepetuhe.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

*Nota sobre o processo de formaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da minera\u00e7\u00e3o no Peru<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

No Corredor Mineiro, oficialmente denominado \u201c\u00c1rea de pequena minera\u00e7\u00e3o e minera\u00e7\u00e3o artesanal do departamento de<\/span>
\nMadre de Dios\u201d, declarado pelo Decreto Legislativo n\u00ba 1.100, as atividades de minera\u00e7\u00e3o podem ser classificadas em um de tr\u00eas cen\u00e1rios:<\/span><\/p>\n

1) Formal: Processo de formaliza\u00e7\u00e3o conclu\u00eddo, com licen\u00e7as ambientais e operacionais aprovadas.<\/span>
\n2) Informal: Em processo de formaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, operando em espa\u00e7os onde a extra\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 permitida e usando maquin\u00e1rio permitido. Este tipo \u00e9 considerado uma infra\u00e7\u00e3o administrativa, n\u00e3o um crime.<\/span>
\n3) Ilegal: Operando em \u00e1reas proibidas, como corpos d’\u00e1gua (por exemplo, um rio ou um lago) e\/ou usando maquin\u00e1rio proibido. Este tipo \u00e9 considerado um crime e \u00e9 pun\u00edvel com pris\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Metodologia<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Usamos o LandTrendr, um algoritmo de segmenta\u00e7\u00e3o temporal que identifica mudan\u00e7as nos valores de pixels ao longo do tempo, para detectar perdas florestais dentro do corredor de minera\u00e7\u00e3o em 2021 (setembro de 2020 \u2013 setembro de 2021) e 2022 (setembro de 2021 \u2013 julho de 2022). \u00c9 importante enfatizar que este m\u00e9todo foi originalmente projetado para imagens Landsat de resolu\u00e7\u00e3o moderada (30 metros),\u00a0<\/span>1<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0mas o adaptamos para mosaicos mensais NICFI-Planet de resolu\u00e7\u00e3o mais alta (4,7 metros).\u00a0<\/span>2<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, criamos uma linha de base para o per\u00edodo de 2016 a 2020 para eliminar antigas \u00e1reas de agricultura e minera\u00e7\u00e3o (pr\u00e9-2021) devido a r\u00e1pidas mudan\u00e7as no processo de revegeta\u00e7\u00e3o natural.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por fim, separamos manualmente a perda florestal de minera\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o minera\u00e7\u00e3o para 2021 e 2022, a fim de relatar especificamente os impactos diretos relacionados \u00e0 minera\u00e7\u00e3o. Para esta parte da an\u00e1lise, usamos v\u00e1rios recursos para auxiliar o processo manual, como alertas baseados em radar (RAMI), dados hist\u00f3ricos do CINCIA de 1985 a 2020 e dados de perda florestal do governo peruano (PNCB) e da Universidade de Maryland.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Kennedy, RE, Yang, Z., Gorelick, N., Braaten, J., Cavalcante, L., Cohen, WB, Healey, S. (2018). Implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do Algoritmo LandTrendr no Google Earth Engine. Sensoriamento Remoto. 10, 691.<\/span><\/div>\n
2. Erik Lindquist, FAO, 2021<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/div><\/span><\/h3>\n

Acknowledgments<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Agradecimentos<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Agradecemos a S. Otoya pelos coment\u00e1rios \u00fateis sobre este relat\u00f3rio.<\/span><\/p>\n

Este relat\u00f3rio foi conduzido com assist\u00eancia t\u00e9cnica da USAID, por meio do projeto Prevent. O Prevent trabalha com o Governo do Peru, a sociedade civil e o setor privado para prevenir e combater crimes ambientais em prol da conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana, particularmente nas regi\u00f5es de Loreto, Madre de Dios e Ucayali.<\/span><\/p>\n

Esta publica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel com o apoio do povo americano por meio da USAID. Seu conte\u00fado \u00e9 de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores e n\u00e3o reflete necessariamente as opini\u00f5es da USAID ou do governo dos EUA.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Mamani N, Finer M (2022) Desmatamento no corredor de minera\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana (2021-2022). MAAP: 171.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro\u00a0continua sendo um dos principais causadores do desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do sul (regi\u00e3o de Madre de Dios). Em um relat\u00f3rio recente (\u00a0MAAP #154\u00a0), destacamos os principais casos de minera\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal nesta \u00e1rea. Na tentativa de organizar as atividades de minera\u00e7\u00e3o e promover um processo de formaliza\u00e7\u00e3o,* o governo peruano delimitou um […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"ftr_agriculture":[],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[400],"fire":[],"infrastructure-threat":[],"land-use":[],"mining-and-logging-threat":[],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-22789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","ftr_country-peru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #171: Desmatamento no Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia Peruana (2021-2022) - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-171-portugues\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #171: Desmatamento no Corredor de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia Peruana (2021-2022) - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro\u00a0continua sendo um dos principais causadores do desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do sul (regi\u00e3o de Madre de Dios). 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