{"id":22803,"date":"2022-07-18T11:31:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T11:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=22803"},"modified":"2024-09-26T18:24:36","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T18:24:36","slug":"maap-161-portugues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-161-portugues\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #161: Desmatamento da Soja na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Exemplo de inc\u00eandios queimando uma \u00e1rea recentemente desmatada para uma nova planta\u00e7\u00e3o de soja. Dados: Planet.<\/div><\/div>\n

A\u00a0Morat\u00f3ria da Soja na Amaz\u00f4nia<\/strong>\u00a0tem sido frequentemente creditada pela redu\u00e7\u00e3o significativa do desmatamento relacionado \u00e0 soja na Amaz\u00f4nia nos \u00faltimos 15 anos.<\/p>\n

A Morat\u00f3ria \u00e9 um acordo volunt\u00e1rio de desmatamento zero no qual os comerciantes concordam em n\u00e3o comprar soja cultivada em terras desmatadas depois de 2008.<\/p>\n

No entanto,\u00a0o aumento dos pre\u00e7os da soja<\/strong>\u00a0pode estar levando a um ressurgimento do problema do\u00a0desmatamento direto da soja<\/strong>\u00a0. Ou seja, convers\u00e3o direta do desmatamento prim\u00e1rio para planta\u00e7\u00e3o de soja sem passar um per\u00edodo inicial como pasto para gado.<\/p>\n

Um relat\u00f3rio recente da Global Forest Watch estimou o desmatamento direto de soja de 29.000 hectares na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira em 2019 (Schneider et al 2021).<\/p>\n

Aqui, relatamos o desmatamento direto adicional de soja de pelo menos\u00a042.000\u00a0<\/strong>hectares<\/strong>\u00a0na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira desde 2020. Todas essas \u00e1reas ocorreram no estado de Mato Grosso, localizado na extremidade sudeste da Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/p>\n

Detectamos todas essas planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja com base em grandes inc\u00eandios recentes (\u00a084 grandes inc\u00eandios<\/strong>\u00a0), nos quais a \u00e1rea recentemente desmatada foi queimada em prepara\u00e7\u00e3o para a pr\u00f3xima temporada de plantio (veja Metodologia abaixo para mais detalhes).<\/p>\n

Abaixo, mostramos um mapa base dessas \u00e1reas recentemente desmatadas e depois queimadas no estado de Mato Grosso, na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira, seguido por uma s\u00e9rie de exemplos de imagens de sat\u00e9lite.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Mapa Base \u2013 Desmatamento Recente de Soja na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira<\/strong><\/h3>\n

O\u00a0Mapa Base<\/strong>\u00a0abaixo mostra as \u00e1reas, indicadas por pontos\u00a0vermelhos<\/strong>\u00a0, de desmatamento direto recente para novas planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja que detectamos ao monitorar grandes inc\u00eandios em 2022.<\/p>\n

Entre maio de 2021 e junho de 2022, detectamos\u00a084 grandes inc\u00eandios<\/strong>\u00a0que corresponderam a queimadas de \u00e1reas recentemente desmatadas para novas planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja. Essas 84 \u00e1reas, todas ocorridas no estado do Mato Grosso, cobrem uma \u00e1rea de\u00a042.000 hectares<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Nosso foco geogr\u00e1fico foi o bioma da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira no estado de Mato Grosso, conforme coberto pela Morat\u00f3ria da Soja na Amaz\u00f4nia. Por exemplo, tamb\u00e9m documentamos extenso desmatamento direto de soja e inc\u00eandio na Amaz\u00f4nia boliviana (departamento de Santa Cruz), mas n\u00e3o inclu\u00edmos essas informa\u00e7\u00f5es aqui.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mapa Base. Desmatamento Recente de Soja na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira. Dados: ACA\/MAAP, NICFI.<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Exemplos de desmatamento e inc\u00eandios em novas planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Conforme observado acima, detectamos o desmatamento direto para novas planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja monitorando grandes inc\u00eandios em 2022. Sup\u00f5e-se que os inc\u00eandios estejam preparando a \u00e1rea recentemente desmatada para o pr\u00f3ximo plantio de soja.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Metodologia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Primeiro, rastreamos grandes inc\u00eandios em 2021 e 2022 usando nosso novo\u00a0aplicativo de monitoramento de inc\u00eandios em tempo real<\/a>\u00a0. Veja\u00a0o MAAP #118<\/a>\u00a0para obter mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas sobre o aplicativo e a metodologia geral para detectar grandes inc\u00eandios com base em emiss\u00f5es de aeross\u00f3is. Os primeiros grandes inc\u00eandios foram detectados em maio de cada ano (2021 e 2022) e continuamos coletando dados diariamente at\u00e9 o in\u00edcio de julho de cada ano. Monitoramos inc\u00eandios em toda a Amaz\u00f4nia, mas este relat\u00f3rio se concentra no Brasil.<\/p>\n

Para todos os grandes inc\u00eandios detectados com o aplicativo, n\u00f3s os confirmamos com imagens de sat\u00e9lite de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o do\u00a0Planet<\/a>\u00a0. Essa confirma\u00e7\u00e3o foi realizada visualizando plumas de fuma\u00e7a no dia do inc\u00eandio ou \u00e1reas queimadas nos dias subsequentes ao inc\u00eandio.<\/p>\n

Todos os inc\u00eandios confirmados receberam uma categoria com base no prov\u00e1vel tipo de inc\u00eandio direto ou condutor. Essas categorias incluem 1) queima de \u00e1rea recentemente desmatada para nova planta\u00e7\u00e3o de soja, queima de \u00e1rea recentemente desmatada para nova pastagem de gado e queima de pastagens inseridas na matriz maior da floresta tropical. Em ocasi\u00f5es mais raras, um desses tipos de inc\u00eandio pode escapar para a floresta ao redor, tornando-se um inc\u00eandio florestal real.<\/p>\n

Especificamente, os inc\u00eandios relacionados \u00e0 soja foram definidos como aqueles que queimam \u00e1reas recentemente desmatadas (ou seja, \u00e1reas desmatadas desde 2020) que tinham um padr\u00e3o linear distinto aparentemente projetado para agricultura de cultivo organizada. A maioria das \u00e1reas de soja recentemente identificadas tamb\u00e9m eram adjacentes a planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja existentes. Em outras palavras, o desmatamento da soja e o padr\u00e3o de inc\u00eandio eram visualmente bem distintos dos inc\u00eandios relacionados ao gado e \u00e0s pastagens. Especialistas locais nos informaram que os inc\u00eandios provavelmente est\u00e3o preparando a \u00e1rea recentemente desmatada para a pr\u00f3xima temporada de plantio de soja. Para todos os inc\u00eandios diretos relacionados \u00e0 soja determinados, estimamos a \u00e1rea queimada usando as ferramentas de medi\u00e7\u00e3o espacial no Planet Explorer e a inserimos em um banco de dados. Observamos que em julho de ambos os anos, os inc\u00eandios se afastaram da soja e mais em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s \u00e1reas de gado.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Martina Schneider, Liz Goldman, Mikaela Weisse, Luiz Amaral e Luiz Calado (2021) The Commodity Report: Impacto da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de soja nas florestas da Am\u00e9rica do Sul. Link:\u00a0https:\/\/www.globalforestwatch.org\/blog\/commodities\/soy-production-forests-south-america\/<\/a><\/p>\n

X.-P. Song, MC Hansen, P. Potapov, et al (2021). Expans\u00e3o massiva da soja na Am\u00e9rica do Sul desde 2000 e implica\u00e7\u00f5es para a conserva\u00e7\u00e3o. Nature Sustainability. Link: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41893-021-00729-z<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Reconhecimentos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Agradecemos a V.\u00a0Silgueiro e R. Carvalho da<\/span><\/span>\u00a0organiza\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0Instituto Centro de Vida<\/a>\u00a0(ICV) pelas informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00fateis e coment\u00e1rios relacionados a este relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Ari\u00f1ez A (2022) Desmatamento da soja na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira. MAAP: #161.<\/p>\n

<\/div><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u00a0Morat\u00f3ria da Soja na Amaz\u00f4nia\u00a0tem sido frequentemente creditada pela redu\u00e7\u00e3o significativa do desmatamento relacionado \u00e0 soja na Amaz\u00f4nia nos \u00faltimos 15 anos. A Morat\u00f3ria \u00e9 um acordo volunt\u00e1rio de desmatamento zero no qual os comerciantes concordam em n\u00e3o comprar soja cultivada em terras desmatadas depois de 2008. No entanto,\u00a0o aumento dos pre\u00e7os da soja\u00a0pode estar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"ftr_agriculture":[368],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[449],"fire":[],"infrastructure-threat":[],"land-use":[],"mining-and-logging-threat":[],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-22803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","ftr_agriculture-soja","ftr_country-brasil"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #161: Desmatamento da Soja na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-161-portugues\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #161: Desmatamento da Soja na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A\u00a0Morat\u00f3ria da Soja na Amaz\u00f4nia\u00a0tem sido frequentemente creditada pela redu\u00e7\u00e3o significativa do desmatamento relacionado \u00e0 soja na Amaz\u00f4nia nos \u00faltimos 15 anos. 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