{"id":22853,"date":"2021-05-21T17:09:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-21T17:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=22853"},"modified":"2024-09-26T18:25:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T18:25:30","slug":"fogo-amazonia-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/fogo-amazonia-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Amazon Fire Tracker 2021: Come\u00e7a a temporada de inc\u00eandios na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Inc\u00eandio na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira de 2021 #2. Mato Grosso. Dados: MAAP, Planet.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n

No ano passado (2020), demonstramos o poder do nosso <\/span>aplicativo de monitoramento de inc\u00eandios na Amazon em tempo real<\/b> (veja <\/span>MAAP #118<\/span><\/a> e <\/span>MAAP #129<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

Em uma\u00a0 <\/span>abordagem inovadora<\/b> , o aplicativo combina exclusivamente dados da atmosfera (emiss\u00f5es de aeross\u00f3is na fuma\u00e7a) e do solo (alertas de anomalias de calor) para detectar de forma r\u00e1pida e precisa\u00a0 <\/span>grandes inc\u00eandios na Amaz\u00f4nia<\/b> .*<\/span><\/p>\n

Usando o aplicativo, acabamos de detectar os <\/span>dois primeiros grandes inc\u00eandios<\/b> na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira em 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

Esses inc\u00eandios ocorreram em 19 e 20 de maio, respectivamente, ambos na borda sul da Amaz\u00f4nia, no estado de Mato Grosso. Para efeito de compara\u00e7\u00e3o, a temporada intensa de inc\u00eandios do ano passado come\u00e7ou em 28 de maio.<\/span><\/p>\n

Confirmamos ambos os inc\u00eandios usando imagens de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o da empresa de sat\u00e9lite Planet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Importante, as imagens tamb\u00e9m revelaram que <\/span>ambos os inc\u00eandios queimaram \u00e1reas recentemente desmatadas<\/b> . Ou seja, em vez de serem \u201cinc\u00eandios florestais\u201d reais, ambas as \u00e1reas foram desmatadas pela primeira vez em 2020 e depois queimadas em 2021. Veja\u00a0 <\/span>MAAP #113<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 para obter informa\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas sobre este ponto importante.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abaixo, mostramos uma s\u00e9rie impressionante de <\/span>v\u00eddeos de imagens de sat\u00e9lite<\/b> mostrando esse processo cr\u00edtico de desmatamento da Amaz\u00f4nia seguido por inc\u00eandios na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Inc\u00eandio na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira de 2021 n\u00ba 1<\/b><\/h3>\n

Detectamos o primeiro grande inc\u00eandio do ano na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira em 19 de maio, na borda sul da Amaz\u00f4nia, no estado do Mato Grosso. Como mostra o v\u00eddeo de sat\u00e9lite, essa \u00e1rea foi limpa pela primeira vez em 2020 e depois queimada em 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Inc\u00eandio na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira de 2021 n\u00ba 1. Mato Grosso. Dados: MAAP, Planet.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maaproject.org-amazon-fire-tracker-2021-brazilian-amazon-fire-season-begins-Brazil21-1.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Inc\u00eandio na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira #2 de 2021<\/b><\/h3>\n

Detectamos o segundo grande inc\u00eandio do ano na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira no dia seguinte, em 20 de maio, tamb\u00e9m na borda sul da Amaz\u00f4nia, no estado do Mato Grosso. Como mostra o v\u00eddeo de sat\u00e9lite, essa \u00e1rea tamb\u00e9m foi limpa pela primeira vez em 2020 e depois queimada em 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Inc\u00eandio na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira de 2021 #2. Mato Grosso. Dados: MAAP, Planet.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/maaproject.org-amazon-fire-tracker-2021-brazilian-amazon-fire-season-begins-Brazil2021-2.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

*Fundo do aplicativo<\/b><\/h3>\n

Lan\u00e7amos uma vers\u00e3o nova e aprimorada do\u00a0 <\/span>aplicativo de monitoramento de inc\u00eandios em tempo real da Amaz\u00f4nia<\/b><\/a> em maio de 2021. O aplicativo \u00e9 hospedado pelo Google Earth Engine e atualizado todos os dias pela organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Conservaci\u00f3n Amaz\u00f3nica, sediada no Peru.<\/span><\/p>\n

O aplicativo exibe emiss\u00f5es de aerossol conforme detectadas pelo sat\u00e9lite Sentinel-5 da Ag\u00eancia Espacial Europeia. N\u00edveis elevados de aerossol indicam a queima de grandes quantidades de biomassa, definida aqui como um \u201cgrande inc\u00eandio\u201d. Em uma nova abordagem, o aplicativo combina dados da atmosfera (emiss\u00f5es de aerossol na fuma\u00e7a) e do solo (alertas de anomalias de calor) para detectar e visualizar efetivamente grandes inc\u00eandios na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quando os inc\u00eandios queimam, eles emitem gases e aeross\u00f3is. Um novo sat\u00e9lite (Sentinel-5P da Ag\u00eancia Espacial Europeia) detecta essas\u00a0 <\/span>emiss\u00f5es de aeross\u00f3is <\/b>\u00a0(defini\u00e7\u00e3o de aerossol: Suspens\u00e3o de part\u00edculas s\u00f3lidas finas ou got\u00edculas l\u00edquidas no ar ou outro g\u00e1s). Assim, a principal caracter\u00edstica do aplicativo \u00e9 detectar emiss\u00f5es elevadas de aeross\u00f3is que, por sua vez, indicam a queima de grandes quantidades de biomassa. Por exemplo, o aplicativo distingue pequenos inc\u00eandios limpando campos antigos (e queimando pouca biomassa) de inc\u00eandios maiores queimando \u00e1reas recentemente desmatadas ou florestas em p\u00e9 (e queimando muita biomassa). A resolu\u00e7\u00e3o espacial dos dados de aeross\u00f3is \u00e9 de 7,5 km\u00b2. Os altos valores nos \u00edndices de aeross\u00f3is (AI) tamb\u00e9m podem ser devidos a outros motivos, como emiss\u00f5es de cinzas vulc\u00e2nicas ou poeira do deserto, por isso \u00e9 importante cruzar as emiss\u00f5es elevadas com dados de calor e imagens \u00f3pticas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Definimos \u201c <\/span>grande inc\u00eandio<\/b> \u201d como aquele que mostra n\u00edveis elevados de emiss\u00e3o de aerossol no aplicativo, indicando assim a queima de n\u00edveis elevados de biomassa. Isso normalmente se traduz em um \u00edndice de aerossol de >1 (ou verde-ciano a vermelho no aplicativo). Para identificar a fonte exata das emiss\u00f5es elevadas, reduzimos a intensidade dos dados de aerossol para ver os alertas de inc\u00eandio baseados no calor terrestre subjacentes. Normalmente, para grandes inc\u00eandios, h\u00e1 um grande conjunto de alertas. Os grandes inc\u00eandios s\u00e3o ent\u00e3o confirmados e as \u00e1reas queimadas s\u00e3o estimadas, usando imagens de sat\u00e9lite de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o do\u00a0 <\/span>Planet Explorer<\/span><\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n

Como os dados s\u00e3o atualizados diariamente e n\u00e3o s\u00e3o impactados por nuvens,\u00a0 <\/span>o monitoramento em tempo real<\/b>\u00a0 realmente \u00e9 poss\u00edvel. Nosso objetivo \u00e9 carregar a nova imagem de cada dia no final da tarde\/in\u00edcio da noite.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Reconhecimentos<\/b><\/h3>\n

O aplicativo foi desenvolvido e atualizado diariamente pela Conservaci\u00f3n Amaz\u00f3nica (ACCA). A an\u00e1lise de dados \u00e9 liderada pela Amazon Conservation em colabora\u00e7\u00e3o com a SERVIR Amazonia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Este trabalho foi apoiado principalmente pela NORAD (Ag\u00eancia Norueguesa para Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o para o Desenvolvimento) e pelo ICFC (Fundo Internacional de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do Canad\u00e1).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Villa L (2021) Amazon Fire Tracker 2021: Come\u00e7a a temporada de inc\u00eandios na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira. MAAP.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

No ano passado (2020), demonstramos o poder do nosso aplicativo de monitoramento de inc\u00eandios na Amazon em tempo real (veja MAAP #118 e MAAP #129 ). 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