{"id":22955,"date":"2020-06-30T18:34:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-30T18:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=22955"},"modified":"2024-09-26T18:11:42","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T18:11:42","slug":"maap-122-desmatamento-na-amazonia-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-122-desmatamento-na-amazonia-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #122: Desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Tabela 1. Perda de floresta prim\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia em 2019 (vermelho) em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com 2018 (laranja). Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, MAAP.<\/div><\/div>\n

Dados rec\u00e9m-divulgados para\u00a02019<\/strong>\u00a0revelam a perda de mais de\u00a01,7 milh\u00e3o de hectares<\/strong>\u00a0(4,3 milh\u00f5es de acres) de floresta amaz\u00f4nica prim\u00e1ria em nossa \u00e1rea de estudo de 5 pa\u00edses (Bol\u00edvia, Brasil, Col\u00f4mbia, Equador e Peru).* Isso \u00e9 o dobro do tamanho do Parque Nacional de Yellowstone.<\/p>\n

A Tabela 1<\/strong>\u00a0mostra o desmatamento de 2019 (\u00a0vermelho<\/strong>\u00a0) em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a 2018 (laranja).<\/p>\n

A perda de floresta prim\u00e1ria na\u00a0Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira<\/b>\u00a0(1,29 milh\u00e3o de hectares) foi mais de 3,5 vezes maior do que nos outros quatro pa\u00edses juntos, com um ligeiro aumento em 2019 em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a 2018. Muitas dessas \u00e1reas foram desmatadas no primeiro semestre do ano e depois queimadas em agosto, gerando aten\u00e7\u00e3o internacional.<\/p>\n

A perda de florestas prim\u00e1rias aumentou acentuadamente na\u00a0Amaz\u00f4nia boliviana<\/b>\u00a0(222.834 hectares), em grande parte devido aos inc\u00eandios descontrolados que se espalharam para as florestas secas do sul da Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/p>\n

A perda de floresta prim\u00e1ria aumentou ligeiramente na\u00a0Amaz\u00f4nia peruana<\/strong>\u00a0(161.625 hectares), apesar de uma repress\u00e3o relativamente bem-sucedida \u00e0 minera\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal de ouro, apontando a agricultura de pequena escala (e a pecu\u00e1ria) como o principal fator.<\/p>\n

No lado positivo, a perda de floresta prim\u00e1ria diminuiu na\u00a0Amaz\u00f4nia colombiana<\/strong>\u00a0(91.400 hectares) ap\u00f3s um grande pico ap\u00f3s os acordos de paz de 2016 (entre o governo e as FARC). Vale a pena notar, no entanto, que agora documentamos a perda de 444.000 hectares (mais de um milh\u00e3o de acres) de floresta prim\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia colombiana nos \u00faltimos quatro anos desde o acordo de paz (ver Anexo).<\/p>\n

*Dois pontos importantes sobre os dados. Primeiro, usamos a perda anual de florestas da Universidade de Maryland para ter uma\u00a0 fonte\u00a0consistente<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0em todos os cinco pa\u00edses. Segundo, aplicamos um filtro para incluir apenas a perda de\u00a0\u00a0floresta prim\u00e1ria<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0(veja Metodologia).<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Mapa de pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento de 2019<\/strong><\/h3>\n

O Mapa Base abaixo mostra os principais pontos de desmatamento em 2019 na Amaz\u00f4nia.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento em 2019 na Amaz\u00f4nia. Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, MAAP.<\/div><\/div>\n

Muitos dos principais focos de desmatamento estavam no\u00a0\u00a0Brasil<\/strong>\u00a0. No in\u00edcio do ano, em mar\u00e7o, houve inc\u00eandios descontrolados no norte do estado de Roraima. Mais ao sul, ao longo da Rodovia Transamaz\u00f4nica, grande parte do desmatamento ocorreu no primeiro semestre do ano, seguido pelos inc\u00eandios de alto perfil que come\u00e7aram no final de julho. Observe que muitos desses inc\u00eandios estavam queimando \u00e1reas recentemente desmatadas e n\u00e3o eram inc\u00eandios florestais descontrolados (\u00a0MAAP #113<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n

A Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira tamb\u00e9m sofreu um aumento no desmatamento causado pela minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro em territ\u00f3rios ind\u00edgenas (\u00a0MAAP #116<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n

A Bol\u00edvia<\/strong>\u00a0tamb\u00e9m teve uma temporada intensa de inc\u00eandios em 2019. Ao contr\u00e1rio do Brasil, muitos foram inc\u00eandios descontrolados, particularmente nas pastagens de Beni e nas florestas secas de Chiquitano, no sul da Amaz\u00f4nia boliviana (\u00a0MAAP #108<\/a>\u00a0).<\/p>\n

No\u00a0\u00a0Peru<\/strong>\u00a0, embora o desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal de ouro tenha diminu\u00eddo (\u00a0MAAP #121<\/a>\u00a0), a agricultura em pequena escala (incluindo gado) continua sendo um dos principais impulsionadores na Amaz\u00f4nia central (\u00a0MAAP #112<\/a>\u00a0) e um impulsionador emergente no sul.<\/p>\n

Na\u00a0\u00a0Col\u00f4mbia<\/strong>\u00a0, h\u00e1 um \u201carco de desmatamento\u201d no noroeste da Amaz\u00f4nia. Este arco inclui quatro \u00e1reas protegidas (Parques Nacionais Tinigua, Chiribiquete e Macarena, e Reserva Nacional Nukak) e duas\u00a0\u00a0Reservas Ind\u00edgenas<\/strong>\u00a0(Resguardos Ind\u00edgenas Nukak-Maku e Llanos del Yari-Yaguara II) que sofrem desmatamento substancial (\u00a0MAAP #120<\/a>\u00a0). Um dos principais impulsionadores do desmatamento na regi\u00e3o \u00e9 a convers\u00e3o para pasto para grilagem de terras ou cria\u00e7\u00e3o de gado.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Anexo \u2013 Tend\u00eancia do acordo de paz na Col\u00f4mbia<\/strong><\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Anexo 1. Desmatamento de floresta prim\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia Colombiana, 2015-20. Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, UMD\/GLAD. *At\u00e9 maio de 2020<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Metodologia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Os dados de perda florestal de base apresentados neste relat\u00f3rio foram gerados pelo\u00a0 laborat\u00f3rio\u00a0Global Land Analysis and Discovery<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0(GLAD) da Universidade de Maryland (Hansen et al 2013) e apresentados pelo\u00a0\u00a0Global Forest Watch<\/a>\u00a0. Nossa \u00e1rea de estudo \u00e9 estritamente o que est\u00e1 destacado no Mapa Base.<\/p>\n

Para nossa estimativa de\u00a0perda de floresta prim\u00e1ria<\/strong>\u00a0, usamos os dados anuais de \u201cperda de cobertura florestal\u201d com densidade >30% da \u201ccobertura de \u00e1rvores\u201d do ano de 2001. Ent\u00e3o, cruzamos os dados de perda de cobertura florestal com o conjunto de dados adicional \u201cflorestas tropicais \u00famidas prim\u00e1rias\u201d de 2001 (Turubanova et al 2018). Para mais detalhes sobre esta parte da metodologia, veja o\u00a0\u00a0Blog T\u00e9cnico<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0do Global Forest Watch (Goldman e Weisse 2019).<\/p>\n

Para os limites, usamos o limite biogeogr\u00e1fico (conforme definido pela RAISG) para todos os pa\u00edses, exceto a Bol\u00edvia, onde usamos o limite da bacia hidrogr\u00e1fica da Amaz\u00f4nia (ver Mapa Base).<\/p>\n

Todos os dados foram processados \u200b\u200bno sistema de coordenadas geogr\u00e1ficas WGS 1984. Para calcular as \u00e1reas em unidades m\u00e9tricas, a proje\u00e7\u00e3o foi: Peru e Equador UTM 18 Sul, Bol\u00edvia UTM 20 Sul, Col\u00f4mbia MAGNA-Bogot\u00e1 e Brasil Eckert IV.<\/p>\n

Por fim, para identificar os hotspots de desmatamento, conduzimos uma estimativa de densidade kernel. Esse tipo de an\u00e1lise calcula a magnitude por unidade de \u00e1rea de um fen\u00f4meno espec\u00edfico, neste caso, a perda de cobertura florestal. Conduzimos essa an\u00e1lise usando a ferramenta Kernel Density do Spatial Analyst Tool Box do ArcGIS. Usamos os seguintes par\u00e2metros:<\/p>\n

Raio de busca: 15.000 unidades de camada (metros)
\nFun\u00e7\u00e3o de densidade do kernel: Fun\u00e7\u00e3o do kernel qu\u00e1rtico
\nTamanho da c\u00e9lula no mapa: 200 x 200 metros (4 hectares)
\nTodo o resto foi deixado na configura\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Para o Mapa Base, usamos os seguintes percentuais de concentra\u00e7\u00e3o: M\u00e9dio: 7%-10%; Alto: 11%-20%; Muito Alto: >20%.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Goldman L, Weisse M (2019) Explica\u00e7\u00e3o da atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de dados de 2018 do Global Forest Watch.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/blog.globalforestwatch.org\/data-and-research\/blog-tecnico-explicacion-de-la-actualizacion-de-datos-de-2018-de-global-forest-watch<\/a><\/p>\n

Hansen, MC, PV Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, SA Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, SV Stehman, SJ Goetz, TR Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, CO Justice e JRG Townshend. 2013. \u201cMapas globais de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o da mudan\u00e7a da cobertura florestal do s\u00e9culo XXI.\u201d Science 342 (15 de novembro): 850\u201353. Dados dispon\u00edveis on-line em:\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/earthenginepartners.appspot.com\/science-2013-global-forest<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Turubanova S., Potapov P., Tyukavina, A., e Hansen M. (2018) Perda cont\u00ednua de florestas prim\u00e1rias no Brasil, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica do Congo e Indon\u00e9sia.\u00a0\u00a0Environmental Research Letters\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aacd1c\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Agradecimentos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Agradecemos a G. Palacios pelos coment\u00e1rios \u00fateis \u00e0s vers\u00f5es anteriores deste relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

Este trabalho foi apoiado pelos seguintes financiadores principais: Ag\u00eancia Norueguesa para Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o para o Desenvolvimento (NORAD), Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Gordon e Betty Moore, Fundo Internacional de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do Canad\u00e1 (ICFC), Metabolic Studio, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Erol, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o MacArthur e Fundo de Pequenos Subs\u00eddios da Global Forest Watch (WRI).<\/p>\n

<\/div><\/span><\/h3>\n

Cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Mamani N (2020) Desmatamento da Amaz\u00f4nia 2019. MAAP: 122.<\/p>\n

<\/div><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dados rec\u00e9m-divulgados para\u00a02019\u00a0revelam a perda de mais de\u00a01,7 milh\u00e3o de hectares\u00a0(4,3 milh\u00f5es de acres) de floresta amaz\u00f4nica prim\u00e1ria em nossa \u00e1rea de estudo de 5 pa\u00edses (Bol\u00edvia, Brasil, Col\u00f4mbia, Equador e Peru).* Isso \u00e9 o dobro do tamanho do Parque Nacional de Yellowstone. A Tabela 1\u00a0mostra o desmatamento de 2019 (\u00a0vermelho\u00a0) em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a 2018 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"ftr_agriculture":[356],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[449,484,485,400],"fire":[453],"infrastructure-threat":[],"land-use":[457,458],"mining-and-logging-threat":[459],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-22955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","ftr_agriculture-pasto-de-gado","ftr_country-brasil","ftr_country-colombia-3","ftr_country-equador","ftr_country-peru","fire-incendios-pt-br","land-use-areas-protegidas-pt-br","land-use-territorios-indigenas-pt-br","mining-and-logging-threat-mineracao-de-ouro"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #122: Desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia 2019 - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-122-desmatamento-na-amazonia-2019\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #122: Desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia 2019 - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dados rec\u00e9m-divulgados para\u00a02019\u00a0revelam a perda de mais de\u00a01,7 milh\u00e3o de hectares\u00a0(4,3 milh\u00f5es de acres) de floresta amaz\u00f4nica prim\u00e1ria em nossa \u00e1rea de estudo de 5 pa\u00edses (Bol\u00edvia, Brasil, Col\u00f4mbia, Equador e Peru).* Isso \u00e9 o dobro do tamanho do Parque Nacional de Yellowstone. 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