{"id":23049,"date":"2019-09-10T12:36:00","date_gmt":"2019-09-10T12:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=23049"},"modified":"2024-09-26T18:36:58","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T18:36:58","slug":"maap-109-portugues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-109-portugues\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #109: Inc\u00eandios e Desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira, 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Mapa base. Pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento e inc\u00eandios na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira em 2019. Dados: UMD\/GLAD, NASA (MODIS), PRODES<\/div><\/div>\n

Os\u00a0inc\u00eandios na\u00a0<\/strong>Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira<\/strong>\u00a0foram alvo de intensa aten\u00e7\u00e3o global no \u00faltimo m\u00eas.<\/p>\n

Como parte de nossa\u00a0cobertura cont\u00ednua<\/a>\u00a0, damos um passo adiante e analisamos a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre\u00a0inc\u00eandios e desmatamento<\/strong>\u00a0em\u00a02019<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Primeiro, apresentamos o primeiro\u00a0Mapa Base<\/strong>\u00a0conhecido mostrando\u00a0os pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento e inc\u00eandio de 2019<\/strong>\u00a0e, mais importante, as \u00e1reas de\u00a0sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>\u00a0. As letras correspondem aos Zooms abaixo.<\/p>\n

Em segundo lugar, apresentamos uma s\u00e9rie de 16\u00a0v\u00eddeos de lapso de tempo<\/strong>\u00a0de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o (Zooms AK), cortesia da empresa de sat\u00e9lite Planet. Eles mostram\u00a0cinco cen\u00e1rios<\/strong>\u00a0que documentamos at\u00e9 agora em 2019:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Desmatamento (sem fogo)<\/li>\n
  2. Desmatamento (Seguido de Fogo)<\/li>\n
  3. Agricultura Fogo<\/li>\n
  4. Fogo de savana<\/li>\n
  5. Inc\u00eandio florestal<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    A\u00a0principal descoberta<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 que\u00a0o desmatamento (seguido de inc\u00eandios)<\/strong>\u00a0\u00e9 extremamente importante para entender a temporada de inc\u00eandios deste ano (veja Zooms BE).<\/p>\n

    N\u00f3s documentamos v\u00e1rios casos de eventos de desmatamento em 2019 seguidos por inc\u00eandios intensos, cobrindo pelo menos\u00a052.500 hectares<\/strong>\u00a0(130.000 acres) e contando. Isso equivale a 72.000 campos de futebol.<\/p>\n

    O outro cen\u00e1rio comum \u00e9\u00a0o inc\u00eandio agr\u00edcola<\/strong>\u00a0em \u00e1reas desmatadas antes de 2019, mas pr\u00f3ximas \u00e0 floresta circundante (veja os Zooms F e G).<\/p>\n

    Tamb\u00e9m estamos vendo mais exemplos de\u00a0Savanna Fire<\/strong>\u00a0em \u00e1reas de pastagem entre a floresta tropical. Esses inc\u00eandios podem ser grandes \u2014 mostramos uma queima de 24.000 hectares (60.000 acres) no\u00a0territ\u00f3rio ind\u00edgena\u00a0Kayap\u00f3 (veja Zoom H).<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u00e3o observamos grandes\u00a0inc\u00eandios florestais<\/strong>\u00a0na \u00famida Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira durante agosto, mas documentamos tais inc\u00eandios no in\u00edcio de mar\u00e7o no estado de Roraima. \u00c0 medida que a esta\u00e7\u00e3o seca continua em setembro e outubro, no entanto, os inc\u00eandios florestais se tornam um risco maior.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    1. Desmatamento (sem fogo)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    O Zoom A<\/strong>\u00a0mostra o desmatamento em larga escala de 1.450 hectares (3.600 acres) no estado do Amazonas entre abril e agosto de 2019. O desmatamento parece ser para fins agr\u00edcolas e n\u00e3o mostra sinais de fogo.<\/p>\n

    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-Big-Deforest-1.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom A. Desmatamento (sem fogo). Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div><\/strong><\/p>\n

    2. Desmatamento (Seguido de Fogo)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    A\u00a0principal descoberta<\/strong>\u00a0desta an\u00e1lise foi o cen\u00e1rio generalizado de grandes eventos de desmatamento seguidos por inc\u00eandios intensos. Isso (e n\u00e3o o inc\u00eandio florestal) provavelmente explica por que muitos inc\u00eandios eram bastante enfuma\u00e7ados. Abaixo, mostramos quatro exemplos dos estados amaz\u00f4nicos de Rond\u00f4nia (\u00a0Zooms B e C<\/strong>\u00a0), Amazonas (\u00a0Zoom D<\/strong>\u00a0) e Par\u00e1 (\u00a0Zoom E<\/strong>\u00a0). Nestes quatro exemplos, medimos diretamente\u00a08.500 hectares<\/strong>\u00a0(21.000 acres) que foram desmatados e depois queimados em 2019.<\/p>\n

    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-Big-deforest-2.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom B. Desmatamento (Seguido de Fogo) em Rond\u00f4nia. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-new-Rondonia-deforest-fire.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom C. Desmatamento (Seguido de Fogo) em Rond\u00f4nia. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-new-deforest-fire-amazonas.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom D. Desmatamento (Seguido de Fogo) no Amazonas. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-new-deforest-Para.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom E. Desmatamento (Seguido de Fogo) no Par\u00e1. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    3. Inc\u00eandio na Agricultura<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Os zooms F e G<\/strong>\u00a0mostram o outro cen\u00e1rio generalizado de inc\u00eandios limpando \u00e1reas agr\u00edcolas. Na maioria dos casos, os inc\u00eandios parecem contidos na \u00e1rea agr\u00edcola, mas encontramos exemplos de queimadas na floresta ao redor (mas n\u00e3o se transformando em inc\u00eandios florestais descontrolados). \u00c0 medida que a esta\u00e7\u00e3o seca continua, no entanto, h\u00e1 um risco elevado de inc\u00eandios agr\u00edcolas escaparem para a floresta ao redor e causarem inc\u00eandios maiores.<\/p>\n

    .<\/span><\/h3>\n
    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-Intro-ag.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom F. Inc\u00eandio agr\u00edcola. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    <\/div><\/strong><\/p>\n
    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-field-burn-2.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom G. Inc\u00eandio agr\u00edcola. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    4. Fogo de Savana<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Recentemente, temos detectado inc\u00eandios queimando ecossistemas mais secos, como savanas, localizadas em bols\u00f5es entre a floresta tropical \u00famida.\u00a0Os zooms H e I<\/strong>\u00a0mostram inc\u00eandios de savana nos territ\u00f3rios ind\u00edgenas\u00a0Kayap\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0e Munduruku, respectivamente. Esses inc\u00eandios de savana podem queimar grandes \u00e1reas, por exemplo, mais de 24.000 hectares (60.000 acres) no\u00a0territ\u00f3rio Kayap\u00f3 e 700 hectares (1.700 acres) no territ\u00f3rio Munduruku.<\/span><\/p>\n

    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-Kayapo.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom H. Inc\u00eandio em savana em territ\u00f3rio ind\u00edgena\u00a0Kayap\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n
    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-Munduruku.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom I. Inc\u00eandio em savana em\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>territ\u00f3rio ind\u00edgena Munduruku. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    5. Inc\u00eandio florestal<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Durante agosto, n\u00e3o documentamos grandes inc\u00eandios florestais nas florestas \u00famidas da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira ocidental, nossa principal \u00e1rea focal. Inc\u00eandios florestais podem ser mais comuns na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira oriental, especialmente \u00e0 medida que nos aprofundamos na temporada de queimadas. Por exemplo, o\u00a0Zoom J<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0mostra alguns inc\u00eandios recentes nas cristas do territ\u00f3rio ind\u00edgena\u00a0Kayap\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0que queimaram cerca de 930 hectares (2.300 acres).<\/p>\n

    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-Kayapo-ridge.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom J. Inc\u00eandio florestal nas serras do territ\u00f3rio ind\u00edgena\u00a0Kayap\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    \u00c9 importante notar que ainda n\u00e3o documentamos nenhum grande inc\u00eandio descontrolado nas florestas \u00famidas da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira que pare\u00e7a ser a percep\u00e7\u00e3o da m\u00eddia e do p\u00fablico sobre a situa\u00e7\u00e3o. Os grandes inc\u00eandios que vimos est\u00e3o nas florestas secas e arbustivas da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira e boliviana (veja\u00a0MAAP #108<\/a>\u00a0). Curiosamente, no entanto, houve grandes inc\u00eandios florestais no in\u00edcio do ano (in\u00edcio de mar\u00e7o) no norte do Brasil (estado de Roraima).\u00a0O Zoom I<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0mostra um exemplo desses inc\u00eandios perto do territ\u00f3rio ind\u00edgena Yanomami.<\/p>\n

    https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/maaproject.org-fires-and-deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-2019-Roraima1.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

    Zoom K. Inc\u00eandio florestal no in\u00edcio de mar\u00e7o de 2019 no estado de Roraima. Dados: Planet, ESA.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    M\u00e9todos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Criamos duas camadas de \u201chotspots\u201d, uma para desmatamento e outra para inc\u00eandios, conduzindo uma an\u00e1lise de densidade kernel. Esse tipo de an\u00e1lise calcula a magnitude por unidade de \u00e1rea de um fen\u00f4meno espec\u00edfico, nesse caso alertas de perda florestal (proxy para desmatamento) e alertas de anomalia de temperatura\/inc\u00eandio.<\/p>\n

    Usamos dados de perda florestal de alerta GLAD (resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de 30 metros) da University of Maryland e dispon\u00edveis no Global Forest Watch. Dados at\u00e9 agosto de 2019.<\/p>\n

    Usamos dados de alerta de inc\u00eandio baseados em MODIS (resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de 1 km) do Sistema de Gerenciamento de Recursos de Fogo (FIRMS) da NASA. Dados at\u00e9 agosto de 2019.<\/p>\n

    Realizamos a an\u00e1lise utilizando a ferramenta Kernel Density do Spatial Analyst Tool Box do ArcGIS, utilizando os seguintes par\u00e2metros:<\/p>\n

    Raio de busca: 15.000 unidades de camada (metros)
    \nFun\u00e7\u00e3o de densidade do kernel: Fun\u00e7\u00e3o do kernel qu\u00e1rtico
    \nTamanho da c\u00e9lula no mapa: 200 x 200 metros (4 hectares)
    \nTodo o resto foi deixado na configura\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

    Para o Mapa Base, usamos as seguintes porcentagens de concentra\u00e7\u00e3o: M\u00e9dio: 10%-25%; Alto: 26%-50%; Muito Alto: >50%. Em seguida, combinamos todas as tr\u00eas categorias em uma cor (amarelo para desmatamento e vermelho para fogo). Laranja indica \u00e1reas onde ambas as camadas se sobrep\u00f5em. Como camada de fundo, tamb\u00e9m inclu\u00edmos dados de desmatamento pr\u00e9-2019 do sistema PRODES do Brasil.<\/p>\n

    Agradecimentos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Agradecemos a G. Hyman (SIG), A. Flores (NASA-SERVIR) e A. Folhadella (ACA) pelos coment\u00e1rios \u00fateis \u00e0s vers\u00f5es anteriores deste relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

    Este trabalho foi apoiado pelos seguintes financiadores principais: Funda\u00e7\u00e3o MacArthur, Fundo Internacional de Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do Canad\u00e1 (ICFC), Metabolic Studio e Global Forest Watch Small Grants Fund (WRI).<\/p>\n

    <\/div><\/span><\/h3>\n

    Cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Finer M, Mamani N (2019) Inc\u00eandios e desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira, 2019. MAAP: 109.<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Os\u00a0inc\u00eandios na\u00a0Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira\u00a0foram alvo de intensa aten\u00e7\u00e3o global no \u00faltimo m\u00eas. Como parte de nossa\u00a0cobertura cont\u00ednua\u00a0, damos um passo adiante e analisamos a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre\u00a0inc\u00eandios e desmatamento\u00a0em\u00a02019\u00a0. Primeiro, apresentamos o primeiro\u00a0Mapa Base\u00a0conhecido mostrando\u00a0os pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento e inc\u00eandio de 2019\u00a0e, mais importante, as \u00e1reas de\u00a0sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0. As letras correspondem aos Zooms abaixo. Em segundo lugar, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"ftr_agriculture":[366],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[449],"fire":[],"infrastructure-threat":[],"land-use":[],"mining-and-logging-threat":[],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-23049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","ftr_agriculture-outras-plantacoes","ftr_country-brasil"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #109: Inc\u00eandios e Desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira, 2019 - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-109-portugues\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #109: Inc\u00eandios e Desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia Brasileira, 2019 - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Os\u00a0inc\u00eandios na\u00a0Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira\u00a0foram alvo de intensa aten\u00e7\u00e3o global no \u00faltimo m\u00eas. 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