{"id":23075,"date":"2019-05-02T14:19:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-02T14:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=23075"},"modified":"2024-09-26T18:20:51","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T18:20:51","slug":"maap-100-portugues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-100-portugues\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #100: Amaz\u00f4nia Ocidental \u2013 Pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento 2018 (uma perspectiva regional)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Mapa Base. Pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia ocidental. Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, GFW, SERNANP, SNAP, SINAP, SERNAP, RAISG<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n

No 100\u00ba relat\u00f3rio do MAAP, apresentamos nossa primeira an\u00e1lise em larga escala <\/span>da Amaz\u00f4nia Ocidental<\/b> : Col\u00f4mbia, Peru, Equador, Bol\u00edvia e oeste do Brasil (ver Mapa Base).<\/span><\/p>\n

Usamos os novos dados <\/span>de 2018<\/b> sobre perda de cobertura florestal, gerados pela\u00a0 <\/span>Universidade de Maryland<\/span><\/a> (Hansen et al 2013) e apresentados pelo <\/span>Global Forest Watch<\/span><\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n

Esses dados indicam\u00a0 perda de <\/span>2,5 milh\u00f5es de acres<\/b>\u00a0 de\u00a0 <\/span>cobertura florestal<\/b>\u00a0 na Amaz\u00f4nia Ocidental em 2018.*<\/span><\/p>\n

Realizamos uma an\u00e1lise adicional que indica que, desse total, <\/span>1,9 milh\u00e3o de acres<\/b>\u00a0 eram\u00a0 <\/span>de floresta prim\u00e1ria<\/b> .*<\/span><\/p>\n

Para identificar\u00a0 <\/span>pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento<\/b>\u00a0 de forma consistente nesta vasta paisagem, conduzimos uma an\u00e1lise de densidade de kernel (consulte Metodologia).<\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/span>Mapa Base<\/b> mostra os pontos cr\u00edticos em amarelo, <\/span>laranja<\/b>\u00a0 e\u00a0 <\/span>vermelho<\/b> , indicando \u00e1reas com concentra\u00e7\u00f5es m\u00e9dias, altas e muito altas de perda florestal, respectivamente.<\/span><\/p>\n

Em seguida, focamos em cinco zonas de interesse ( <\/span>Zooms AE<\/b> ) na Col\u00f4mbia, Brasil, Bol\u00edvia e Peru. Para todas as imagens, <\/span>clique para ampliar<\/span><\/i> .<\/span><\/p>\n

* <\/span>Perda de Cobertura Florestal<\/b> : 5 acres por minuto. Quase metade (49%) ocorreu no Brasil, seguido por Peru (20%), Col\u00f4mbia (20%), Bol\u00edvia (8%) e Equador (3%). veja Anexo.<\/span><\/p>\n

** <\/span>Perda de Floresta Prim\u00e1ria<\/b> : 3,5 acres por minuto. Mais da metade (53%) ocorreu no Brasil, seguido pelo Peru (20%), Col\u00f4mbia (18%), Bol\u00edvia (7%) e Equador (2%). veja Anexo.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Col\u00f4mbia<\/b><\/h3>\n

A maior concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de perda florestal em 2018 est\u00e1 no nordeste <\/span>da Amaz\u00f4nia colombiana<\/b> (494.000 acres). Desse total, 11% (56.800 acres) ocorreram em parques nacionais. Especialistas nacionais indicam que a <\/span>grilagem de terras<\/b> surgiu como um dos principais impulsionadores diretos do desmatamento (Arenas 2018). Veja <\/span>MAAP #97<\/span><\/a> para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/span><\/p>\n

O zoom A<\/b> mostra a perda florestal se expandindo em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao oeste <\/span>do Parque Nacional de Chiribiquete<\/b> , incluindo um desmatamento significativo nesta \u00e1rea protegida durante 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

O Zoom B<\/b> mostra o extenso desmatamento de 2018 (30.000 acres) dentro <\/span>do Parque Nacional Tinigua<\/b> . Uma <\/span>not\u00edcia recente<\/span><\/a> indica que a pecu\u00e1ria \u00e9 um dos fatores relacionados a esse desmatamento.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Zoom A. Col\u00f4mbia-Chiribiquete. Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, SINAP, Planet, ESA<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Zoom B. Col\u00f4mbia \u2013 Tinigua. Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, SINAP, Planetas, ESA<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Brasil (fronteira com a Bol\u00edvia)<\/b><\/h3>\n

Outro resultado importante \u00e9 o contraste entre o norte da Bol\u00edvia (departamento de Pando) e o lado adjacente do Brasil (estados do Acre, Amazonas e Rond\u00f4nia). <\/span>O Zoom C<\/b> mostra v\u00e1rios hotspots de desmatamento no lado brasileiro, enquanto o lado boliviano est\u00e1 muito mais intacto.<\/span><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Zoom C. Brasil, fronteira com Bol\u00edvia. Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, ESA, RAISG<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Bol\u00edvia<\/b><\/h3>\n

Na Bol\u00edvia, os principais pontos cr\u00edticos de perda florestal est\u00e3o mais ao sul. <\/span>O Zoom D<\/b> mostra o desmatamento recente (5.000 acres em 2018) devido \u00e0 atividade agr\u00edcola associada a um dos primeiros grandes <\/span>assentamentos menonitas<\/b> no departamento de Beni (Kopp 2015). Os outros assentamentos menonitas est\u00e3o localizados mais ao sul.<\/span><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Zoom D. Bol\u00edvia, assentamento menonita de Black River. Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, SERNAP, Planet<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Peru<\/b><\/h3>\n

Os dados de Hansen indicam mais de 200.000 acres de perda florestal durante 2018 na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana. Um dos mais importantes impulsionadores do desmatamento, especialmente no sul do Peru, \u00e9 a <\/span>minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro<\/b> . Estimamos 23.000 acres de desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro durante 2018 na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do sul (veja <\/span>MAAP #96<\/span><\/a> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

O Zoom E<\/b> mostra o caso mais emblem\u00e1tico de desmatamento por minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro: a \u00e1rea conhecida como La Pampa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9 importante ressaltar, no entanto, que em fevereiro de 2019 o governo peruano lan\u00e7ou a \u201c <\/span>Opera\u00e7\u00e3o Merc\u00fario 2019<\/b><\/a> \u201d, uma megaopera\u00e7\u00e3o multissetorial e abrangente que visa erradicar a minera\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal e a criminalidade associada em La Pampa, bem como promover o desenvolvimento na regi\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Zoom D. Peru \u2013 La Pampa. Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, SERNAP, Planet<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Annex<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Anexo. Cobertura florestal e perda de floresta prim\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia ocidental. Dados: Hansen\/UMD\/Google\/USGS\/NASA, Global Forest Watch.<\/span><\/i><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

M\u00e9todos<\/b><\/h3>\n

Os dados de perda florestal de 2018 apresentados neste relat\u00f3rio foram gerados pelo laborat\u00f3rio <\/span>Global Land Analysis and Discovery<\/span><\/a> (GLAD) da Universidade de Maryland (Hansen et al 2013) e apresentados pelo <\/span>Global Forest Watch<\/span><\/a> . Nossa \u00e1rea de estudo \u00e9 estritamente o que \u00e9 apresentado no Mapa Base: as \u00e1reas dentro do limite biogeogr\u00e1fico amaz\u00f4nico da Amaz\u00f4nia ocidental.<\/span><\/p>\n

Especificamente, para nossa estimativa de perda de cobertura florestal, multiplicamos os dados anuais de \u201cperda de cobertura florestal\u201d pela porcentagem de densidade da \u201ccobertura de \u00e1rvores\u201d do ano 2000 (valores >30%).<\/span><\/p>\n

Para nossa estimativa de perda de floresta prim\u00e1ria, cruzamos os dados de perda de cobertura florestal com o conjunto de dados adicional \u201cflorestas tropicais \u00famidas prim\u00e1rias\u201d de 2001 (Turubanova et al 2018). Para mais detalhes sobre esta parte da metodologia, veja o <\/span>Technical Blog<\/span><\/a> do Global Forest Watch (Goldman e Weisse 2019).<\/span><\/p>\n

Todos os dados foram processados \u200b\u200bno sistema de coordenadas geogr\u00e1ficas WGS 1984. Para o c\u00e1lculo das \u00e1reas em unidades m\u00e9tricas foi utilizada a proje\u00e7\u00e3o UTM (Universal Transversal Mercator): Peru e Equador 18 Sul, Col\u00f4mbia 18 Norte, Oeste do Brasil 19 Sul e Bol\u00edvia 20 Sul.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por fim, para identificar os hotspots de desmatamento, conduzimos uma estimativa de densidade kernel. Esse tipo de an\u00e1lise calcula a magnitude por unidade de \u00e1rea de um fen\u00f4meno espec\u00edfico, neste caso, a perda de cobertura florestal. Conduzimos essa an\u00e1lise usando a ferramenta Kernel Density do Spatial Analyst Tool Box do ArcGIS. Usamos os seguintes par\u00e2metros:<\/span><\/p>\n

Raio de busca: 15.000 unidades de camada (metros)<\/span>
\n<\/span>Fun\u00e7\u00e3o de densidade do kernel: Fun\u00e7\u00e3o do kernel qu\u00e1rtico<\/span>
\n<\/span>Tamanho da c\u00e9lula no mapa: 200 x 200 metros (4 hectares)<\/span>
\n<\/span>Todo o resto foi deixado na configura\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Para o Mapa Base, usamos os seguintes percentuais de concentra\u00e7\u00e3o: M\u00e9dio: 10%-20%; Alto: 21%-35%; Muito Alto: >35%.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/b><\/h3>\n

Arenas M (2018) Grilagem de terras: a heran\u00e7a recebida pelo novo governo da Col\u00f4mbia. Mongabay, 2 de agosto de 2018. h <\/span>ttps:\/\/es.mongabay.com\/2018\/08\/acaparamiento-de-tierras-colombia-estrategias-gobierno\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Goldman L, Weisse M (2019) Blog t\u00e9cnico: Explica\u00e7\u00e3o da atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de dados de 2018 do Global Forest Watch.\u00a0 <\/span>https:\/\/blog.globalforestwatch.org\/data-and-research\/blog-tecnico-explicacion-de-la-actualizacion-de-datos-de-2018-de-global-forest-watch<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Hansen, MC, PV Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, SA Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, SV Stehman, SJ Goetz, TR Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, CO Justice e JRG Townshend. 2013. \u201cMapas globais de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o da mudan\u00e7a da cobertura florestal do s\u00e9culo XXI.\u201d Science 342 (15 de novembro): 850\u201353. Dados dispon\u00edveis on-line em: <\/span>http:\/\/earthenginepartners.appspot.com\/science-2013-global-forest<\/span><\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n

Kopp Ad (2015)\u00a0 <\/span>As col\u00f4nias menonitas na Bol\u00edvia<\/span><\/a> . Terra.\u00a0 <\/span>http:\/\/www.ftierra.org\/index.php\/publicacion\/libro\/147-las-colonias-menonitas-en-bolivia<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Planet Team (2017). Planet Application Program Interface: No espa\u00e7o para a vida na Terra. S\u00e3o Francisco, CA.\u00a0 <\/span>https:\/\/api.planet.com<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Turubanova S., Potapov P., Tyukavina, A., e Hansen M. (2018) Perda cont\u00ednua de florestas prim\u00e1rias no Brasil, Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e1tica do Congo e Indon\u00e9sia.\u00a0 <\/span>Environmental Research Letters\u00a0 <\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aacd1c\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div><\/span><\/h3>\n

Agradecimentos<\/b><\/h3>\n

Agradecemos a M. Ter\u00e1n (ACEAA), M. Weisse (GFW\/WRI), A. Thieme (UMD), R. Catpo (ACCA) e A. C\u00f3ndor (ACCA) pelos coment\u00e1rios \u00fateis a este relat\u00f3rio.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Mamani N (2019) Amaz\u00f4nia Ocidental \u2013 Pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento 2018 (uma perspectiva regional). MAAP: 100.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

No 100\u00ba relat\u00f3rio do MAAP, apresentamos nossa primeira an\u00e1lise em larga escala da Amaz\u00f4nia Ocidental : Col\u00f4mbia, Peru, Equador, Bol\u00edvia e oeste do Brasil (ver Mapa Base). Usamos os novos dados de 2018 sobre perda de cobertura florestal, gerados pela\u00a0 Universidade de Maryland (Hansen et al 2013) e apresentados pelo Global Forest Watch . 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Usamos os novos dados de 2018 sobre perda de cobertura florestal, gerados pela\u00a0 Universidade de Maryland (Hansen et al 2013) e apresentados pelo Global Forest Watch . Esses […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-100-portugues\/","og_site_name":"MAAP","article_published_time":"2019-05-02T14:19:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-09-26T18:20:51+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/00-BaseMap_WesternAmz_400dpi_Eng-458x580.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"MAAP Consultants","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"MAAP Consultants","Est. tempo de leitura":"7 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-100-portugues\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-100-portugues\/"},"author":{"name":"MAAP Consultants","@id":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/#\/schema\/person\/2f7133e3c0723ceecd6dabc9b4f198ce"},"headline":"MAAP #100: Amaz\u00f4nia Ocidental \u2013 Pontos cr\u00edticos de desmatamento 2018 (uma perspectiva 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