{"id":23084,"date":"2019-01-08T18:09:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-08T18:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=23084"},"modified":"2024-09-05T21:20:51","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T21:20:51","slug":"maap-96-portugues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-96-portugues\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #96: Desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro atinge n\u00edveis recordes na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do sul"},"content":{"rendered":"

O desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro<\/b> atingiu <\/span>n\u00edveis recordes<\/b> em <\/span>2017<\/b> e <\/span>2018<\/b>\u00a0 na Amaz\u00f4nia meridional peruana.<\/span><\/p>\n

Com base em uma an\u00e1lise de quase 500 imagens de sat\u00e9lite de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o (da Planet e DigitalGlobe), estimamos o desmatamento de\u00a0 <\/span>18.440 hectares<\/b>\u00a0 no sul do Peru durante esses \u00faltimos dois anos. Isso equivale a 45.560 acres (ou 34.400 campos de futebol americano) em apenas dois anos.<\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/span>Mapa Base<\/b> destaca esse desmatamento recente, com 2017 em <\/span>vermelho<\/b> e 2018 em <\/span>rosa<\/b> . O Mapa de Refer\u00eancia no Anexo 1 mostra nossa \u00e1rea de estudo completa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Mapa Base. Desmatamento de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro no sul da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana. Dados: USGS\/NASA, MAAP, SERNANP.<\/span><\/i>2017<\/b> teve o maior desmatamento de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro j\u00e1 registrado na \u00e9poca: 9.160 hectares (22.635 acres). De acordo com uma pesquisa recente liderada pelo CINCIA (Centro de Innovaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Amaz\u00f3nica), esse foi o maior total anual j\u00e1 registrado desde 1985*.<\/span><\/p>\n

Em <\/span>2018<\/b> , descobrimos que o desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro foi ainda maior: 9.280 hectares (22.930 acres).<\/span><\/p>\n

Assim, combinados, <\/span>2017-18<\/b> teve o maior total de desmatamento em dois anos j\u00e1 registrado: <\/span>18.440 hectares<\/b> (45.565 acres).<\/span><\/p>\n

Observe a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos\u00a0 <\/span>Zooms<\/b> ( <\/span>AC<\/b> ) mostrados em maiores detalhes abaixo. Esses zooms representam tr\u00eas das \u00e1reas mais amea\u00e7adas: A) <\/span>La Pampa<\/b> , B) <\/span>Upper Malinowski<\/b> e C) <\/span>Camanti<\/b> .<\/span><\/p>\n

Clique (ou<\/span><\/i> clique com o bot\u00e3o direito <\/span>) para ampliar (ou baixar) as imagens.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

*O CINCIA relata 9.860 hectares de desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro em 2017 (CINCIA 2018, Caballero Espejo et al 2018), uma estimativa ainda maior que a nossa.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Zoom A: La Pampa<\/b><\/h3>\n

A imagem A<\/b>\u00a0 mostra o desmatamento de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro de 1.685 hectares (4.164 acres) entre 2017 (painel esquerdo) e 2018 (painel direito) em uma \u00e1rea conhecida como La Pampa (regi\u00e3o de Madre de Dios). <\/span>Vermelho<\/b>\u00a0 indica as principais frentes de desmatamento.<\/span><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Imagem A. La Pampa. Dados: Planeta, MAAP<\/div><\/div>\n

Conforme visto no Mapa de Uso do Solo abaixo (Anexo 2), a maior parte do desmatamento recente por minera\u00e7\u00e3o em La Pampa \u00e9 claramente ilegal, concentrada em concess\u00f5es de reflorestamento e na zona de amortecimento da Reserva Nacional de Tambopata.<\/p>\n

De acordo com o portal web\u00a0\u00a0GEOCATMIN<\/a>\u00a0(Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Geol\u00f3gica e Registro de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o), desenvolvido pelo INGEMMET (Instituto Geol\u00f3gico de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o e Metalurgia do Peru), todas as concess\u00f5es de minera\u00e7\u00e3o tituladas na \u00e1rea est\u00e3o atualmente \u201csem atividade de minera\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d. Nenhuma est\u00e1 em fase de Explora\u00e7\u00e3o ou Explora\u00e7\u00e3o autorizada. A maior parte da atividade de minera\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 fora dessas concess\u00f5es e em \u00e1reas n\u00e3o autorizadas para minera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Zoom B: Alto Malinowski<\/strong><\/h3>\n

A Imagem B<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0mostra o desmatamento de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro de 760 hectares (1.878 acres) entre 2017 (painel esquerdo) e 2018 (painel direito) ao longo dos trechos superiores do Rio Malinowski na regi\u00e3o de Madre de Dios.\u00a0Vermelho<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0indica as principais frentes de desmatamento.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Imagem B. Upper Malinowski. Dados: Planet, MAAP.<\/div><\/div>\n

Conforme visto no Mapa de Uso do Solo abaixo (Anexo 2), o recente desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro ao longo do Alto Malinowski est\u00e1 avan\u00e7ando na Comunidade Nativa Kotsimba e dentro da zona de amortecimento do Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene.<\/p>\n

De acordo com\u00a0\u00a0a GEOCATMIN<\/a>\u00a0, todas as concess\u00f5es de minera\u00e7\u00e3o tituladas na \u00e1rea est\u00e3o atualmente \u201csem atividade de minera\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d. Nenhuma est\u00e1 em fase de Explora\u00e7\u00e3o ou Explora\u00e7\u00e3o autorizada. A maior parte da atividade de minera\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 fora dessas concess\u00f5es e em \u00e1reas n\u00e3o autorizadas para minera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

ining.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Zoom C: Camanti<\/strong><\/h3>\n

A Imagem 4<\/strong>\u00a0mostra o desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro de 335 hectares (828 acres) entre 2016 (painel esquerdo) e 2018 (painel direito) na \u00e1rea de Camanti, na regi\u00e3o de Cusco.\u00a0O vermelho<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0indica as principais frentes de desmatamento. Observe a proximidade crescente da minera\u00e7\u00e3o com\u00a0a Reserva Comunal de Amarakaeri<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Imagem C. Camanti. Dados: Planet, MAAP.<\/div><\/div>\n

Conforme visto no Mapa de Uso da Terra abaixo (Anexo 2), a recente minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro na \u00e1rea de Camanti est\u00e1 avan\u00e7ando em concess\u00f5es de minera\u00e7\u00e3o que est\u00e3o \u201cem processo\u201d de titula\u00e7\u00e3o. De acordo com o\u00a0\u00a0GEOCATMIN<\/a>\u00a0, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 concess\u00f5es tituladas na \u00e1rea que estejam em fase de Explora\u00e7\u00e3o ou Explora\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Anexo 1: Mapa de refer\u00eancia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

O Anexo 1 apresenta um Mapa de Refer\u00eancia de nossa \u00e1rea de estudo completa. O fundo \u00e9 branco para melhor indicar as \u00e1reas de desmatamento de minera\u00e7\u00e3o. Ele tamb\u00e9m serve como um mapa de refer\u00eancia com r\u00f3tulos adicionais.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mapa de refer\u00eancia. Desmatamento por minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro no sul da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana. Dados: MAAP, SERNANP<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Anexo 2: Mapa de Uso do Solo<\/strong><\/h3>\n

O Anexo 2 apresenta um Mapa de Uso do Solo com dados detalhados sobre concess\u00f5es de minera\u00e7\u00e3o e outras designa\u00e7\u00f5es de terras importantes. Os dados de concess\u00e3o de minera\u00e7\u00e3o v\u00eam do portal da web\u00a0\u00a0GEOCATMIN<\/a>\u00a0(Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Geol\u00f3gica e Registro de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o), desenvolvido pelo INGEMMET (Instituto Geol\u00f3gico de Minera\u00e7\u00e3o e Metalurgia do Peru). Baixamos os dados em 2 de janeiro de 2019.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mapa de uso do solo. Dados: INGEMMET, IBC, MINAGRI, SERNANP, Planet, UMD\/GLAD, MINAM\/PNCB<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Metodologia<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Analisamos imagens de sat\u00e9lite de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o (DigitalGlobe e Planet) para 2017 e 2018 e digitalizamos todos os novos desmatamentos de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro. Dada a minera\u00e7\u00e3o generalizada em uma grande \u00e1rea, tamb\u00e9m usamos alertas automatizados de perda florestal com base em imagens Landsat de m\u00e9dia resolu\u00e7\u00e3o (PNCB\/MINAM) para orientar nossa an\u00e1lise.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Centro de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Cient\u00edfica Amaz\u00f4nica (CINCIA) (2018) Tr\u00eas d\u00e9cadas de desmatamento por minera\u00e7\u00e3o aur\u00edfera na Amaz\u00f4nia suroriental peruana. Resumo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o No.<\/p>\n

Caballero Espejo et al. (2018) Desmatamento e degrada\u00e7\u00e3o florestal devido \u00e0 minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana: uma perspectiva de 34 anos.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Remote Sens.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a02018,\u00a0\u00a010\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0(12), 1903;\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs10121903<\/a><\/p>\n

Asner GP e Tupayachi R (2016) Environ. Res. Lett. 12 094004.<\/p>\n

Planet\u00a0<\/span>Team<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0(2017).\u00a0\u00a0Planet<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0Application Program Interface: No espa\u00e7o para a vida na Terra. S\u00e3o Francisco,\u00a0\u00a0CA.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/api.planet.com<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Agradecimentos<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Agradecemos aos seguintes colegas pelos coment\u00e1rios \u00fateis: Miles Silman (Wake Forest Univ), Sidney Novoa (ACCA),\u00a0\u00a0Ronald Catpo (ACCA), Efrain Samochuallpa (ACCA), Daniela Pogliani (ACCA), Alfredo C\u00f3ndor (ACCA) e Lorena Durand (ACCA)<\/span>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Mamani N (2018) Desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro em n\u00edveis recordes na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do sul. MAAP: 96.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro atingiu n\u00edveis recordes em 2017 e 2018\u00a0 na Amaz\u00f4nia meridional peruana. Com base em uma an\u00e1lise de quase 500 imagens de sat\u00e9lite de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o (da Planet e DigitalGlobe), estimamos o desmatamento de\u00a0 18.440 hectares\u00a0 no sul do Peru durante esses \u00faltimos dois anos. Isso equivale a 45.560 acres […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"ftr_agriculture":[],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[400],"fire":[],"infrastructure-threat":[],"land-use":[],"mining-and-logging-threat":[],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-23084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","ftr_country-peru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #96: Desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro atinge n\u00edveis recordes na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do sul - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-96-portugues\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #96: Desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro atinge n\u00edveis recordes na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do sul - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O desmatamento para minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro atingiu n\u00edveis recordes em 2017 e 2018\u00a0 na Amaz\u00f4nia meridional peruana. Com base em uma an\u00e1lise de quase 500 imagens de sat\u00e9lite de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o (da Planet e DigitalGlobe), estimamos o desmatamento de\u00a0 18.440 hectares\u00a0 no sul do Peru durante esses \u00faltimos dois anos. 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