{"id":23408,"date":"2017-07-17T14:01:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-17T14:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=23408"},"modified":"2024-09-23T12:42:22","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T12:42:22","slug":"maap-64-portugues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-64-portugues\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #64: Boas not\u00edcias sobre hist\u00f3rias de desmatamento (Amaz\u00f4nia peruana)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Admitimos que a maioria\u00a0<\/span>das hist\u00f3rias do MAAP<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s\u00e3o sobre as m\u00e1s not\u00edcias do desmatamento da Amaz\u00f4nia. Mas, felizmente, h\u00e1 boas not\u00edcias tamb\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aqui destacamos\u00a0<\/span>cinco boas not\u00edcias<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana que mostram como o monitoramento quase em tempo real pode levar \u00e0 interrup\u00e7\u00e3o do desmatamento causado por amea\u00e7as emergentes, como a minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro e a agricultura em larga escala (planta\u00e7\u00f5es de dend\u00ea e cacau).<\/span><\/p>\n

Os casos detalhados s\u00e3o:<\/span>
\nA)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>United Cacao\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0(cacau),<\/span>
\nB)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Plantations of Pucallpa<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u00a0(dend\u00ea),<\/span>
\nC)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Grupo Romero<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u00a0(dend\u00ea),<\/span>
\nD)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Reserva Comunal\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span>Amarakaeri<\/span><\/b>\u00a0(minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro) e\u00a0E)\u00a0\u00a0Reserva\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>Nacional Tambopata\u00a0<\/b>\u00a0(minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cacau Unido<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Imagem 64a. Dados: NASA\/USGS<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n

O r\u00e1pido desmatamento de floresta prim\u00e1ria para uma planta\u00e7\u00e3o de cacau em larga escala na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do norte pegou todos de surpresa em 2013. A sociedade civil liderou o caminho ao expor e rastrear o desmatamento com imagens de sat\u00e9lite e o governo eventualmente confirmou os dados de perda florestal. Por sua vez, o MAAP publicou 6 artigos (por exemplo,\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #35<\/span><\/a>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #2<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

Embora o desmatamento total tenha chegado a 5.880 acres (2.380 hectares), a empresa, devido a uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o complicada de fatores, foi suspensa da Bolsa de Valores de Londres e\u00a0<\/span>nenhum novo desmatamento foi detectado<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0em mais de um ano.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Imagem 64a<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0mostra que a \u00e1rea do projeto de cacau estava coberta por floresta intacta no final de 2012, seguida por desmatamento em larga escala de floresta prim\u00e1ria em 2013. O\u00a0<\/span>desmatamento desacelerou e ent\u00e3o parou entre 2014 e 2017.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0O c\u00edrculo amarelo indica a \u00e1rea de planta\u00e7\u00e3o de cacau ao longo do tempo.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Planta\u00e7\u00f5es de Pucallpa<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(palmeira)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Em um caso not\u00e1vel, imagens de sat\u00e9lite foram usadas para demonstrar que uma empresa de \u00f3leo de palma (Plantations of Pucallpa) havia\u00a0<\/span>violado o C\u00f3digo e Conduta da RSPO<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(Mesa Redonda sobre \u00d3leo de Palma Sustent\u00e1vel), uma entidade sem fins lucrativos fundada para desenvolver e implementar padr\u00f5es globais para \u00f3leo de palma sustent\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Em 2015, a Comunidade Nativa de Santa Clara de Uchunya (com o apoio da ONG Forest Peoples Programme) apresentou uma queixa oficial \u00e0 RSPO contra a Plantations of Pucallpa, um membro da mesa redonda. Um componente importante da queixa alegou desmatamento massivo, mas a empresa negou veementemente. Artigos do MAAP mostrando o desmatamento de 15.970 acres (6.460 hectares) foram usados \u200b\u200bcomo evid\u00eancia (\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #4<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #41<\/span><\/a>\u00a0), assim como an\u00e1lises governamentais independentes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Em abril de 2017, a\u00a0<\/span>RSPO concluiu<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0que a Plantations of Pucallpa desmatou 14.145 acres (5.725 hectares) apesar de declarar que n\u00e3o houve desmatamento, violando assim o C\u00f3digo e Conduta. V\u00e1rios meses antes dessa decis\u00e3o, a empresa alienou suas propriedades de \u00f3leo de palma e se retirou da RSPO. N\u00e3o detectamos nenhum novo desmatamento na \u00e1rea do projeto em mais de um ano.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Imagem 64b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0mostra o desmatamento massivo para duas planta\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00f3leo de palma em larga escala na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana central (Plantations of Pucallpa \u00e9 a planta\u00e7\u00e3o ao norte). Os c\u00edrculos amarelos indicam as \u00e1reas do projeto de planta\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00f3leo de palma ao longo do tempo. Observe que a \u00e1rea do projeto era uma mistura de floresta prim\u00e1ria e secund\u00e1ria em 2011, imediatamente antes do desmatamento, que come\u00e7ou em 2012. O desmatamento se intensificou em 2013 antes de quase atingir sua extens\u00e3o m\u00e1xima em 2015.\u00a0<\/span>N\u00e3o detectamos nenhum novo desmatamento desde 2016<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Imagem 64b. Dados: NASA\/USGS, MAAP<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Grupo Romero<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(\u00f3leo de palma)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Talvez a melhor not\u00edcia do grupo seja sobre quatro planta\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00f3leo de palma em larga escala que foram\u00a0<\/span>interrompidas antes que qualquer desmatamento ocorresse<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Conforme detalhado em um\u00a0<\/span>relat\u00f3rio recente da Environmental Investigation Agency<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, o conglomerado empresarial peruano Grupo Romero conduziu estudos de impacto ambiental para quatro novas planta\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00f3leo de palma na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do norte. A an\u00e1lise desses estudos revelou que essas planta\u00e7\u00f5es causariam o desmatamento massivo de 56.830 acres (23.000 hectares) de floresta prim\u00e1ria. Ap\u00f3s forte resist\u00eancia da sociedade civil, incluindo a\u00e7\u00e3o legal, um\u00a0<\/span>relat\u00f3rio recente da Chain Reaction Research<\/span><\/a>\u00a0revelou que o Grupo Romero agora est\u00e1 trabalhando em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a uma cadeia de suprimentos de desmatamento zero e, portanto, descobriu que as quatro planta\u00e7\u00f5es planejadas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o mais vi\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be\u00a0<\/span>abandonou os projetos<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

A imagem 64c<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0mostra como a \u00e1rea do projeto para duas das planta\u00e7\u00f5es de dendezeiros propostas (em amarelo), Santa Catalina e Tierra Blanca, \u00e9 amplamente coberta por\u00a0<\/span>floresta prim\u00e1ria<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0intacta .<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Imagem 64c. Dados: NASA\/USGS, Grupo Palmas (Grupo Romero)<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Reserva Comunit\u00e1ria\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>de Amarakaeri\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0(minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Em junho de 2015, revelamos o desmatamento de 11 hectares na\u00a0<\/span>Reserva Comunit\u00e1ria de Amarakaeri<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0devido a uma invas\u00e3o ilegal de minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro. A Reserva, localizada no sul da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana, \u00e9 uma importante \u00e1rea protegida que \u00e9 co-administrada por comunidades ind\u00edgenas (ECA Amarakaeri) e SERNANP, a ag\u00eancia de \u00e1reas protegidas do Peru (veja\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #6<\/span><\/a>\u00a0). Nas semanas seguintes, o governo peruano, liderado pelo SERNANP, reprimiu as atividades ilegais de minera\u00e7\u00e3o. Um ano depois, mostramos que o\u00a0<\/span>desmatamento havia sido interrompido<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, sem nenhuma expans\u00e3o adicional para a Reserva (\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #44<\/span><\/a>\u00a0). De fato, mostramos que havia sinais de vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o em recupera\u00e7\u00e3o nas \u00e1reas recentemente mineradas.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Imagem 64d<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0mostra o desmatamento da minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro se aproximando (2011-12) e entrando (2013-15) na Reserva Comunal de Amarakaeri (c\u00edrculos amarelos indicam \u00e1reas de invas\u00e3o). No entanto, tamb\u00e9m mostra como, ap\u00f3s a\u00e7\u00e3o do governo e da ECA Amarakaeri, o\u00a0<\/span>desmatamento foi interrompido<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0e n\u00e3o se expandiu em 2016-17.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>Imagem 64d. Dados: NASA\/USGS, Sentinel\/ESA, RapidEye\/Planet<\/span>

<\/div><\/p>\n

Reserva Nacional de Tambopata\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Em<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0setembro de 2015, garimpeiros ilegais come\u00e7aram a invadir\u00a0<\/span>a Reserva Nacional de Tambopata<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, uma importante \u00e1rea protegida no sul da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana com biodiversidade de renome mundial. Em uma s\u00e9rie de artigos do MAAP, rastreamos a invas\u00e3o \u00e0 medida que ela se intensificou em 2016 e, eventualmente, atingiu 1.360 acres (550 hectares) no in\u00edcio de 2017. No entanto, no final de 2016, o governo peruano intensificou suas interven\u00e7\u00f5es contra a atividade de minera\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal, e a\u00a0<\/span>taxa de desmatamento diminuiu r\u00e1pida e drasticamente<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0. Nas imagens de sat\u00e9lite mais recentes, n\u00e3o detectamos nenhuma nova expans\u00e3o importante da minera\u00e7\u00e3o ilegal de ouro dentro da Reserva.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Imagem 64e mostra a invas\u00e3o inicial da Reserva Nacional de Tambopata entre setembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016. O desmatamento dentro da Reserva se intensifica durante 2016, mas\u00a0<\/span>desacelera significativamente em 2017.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Os c\u00edrculos amarelos indicam \u00e1reas de invas\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Image 64e. Data: Planet, SERNANP<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Planet Team (2017). Planet Application Program Interface: No Espa\u00e7o para a Vida na Terra. S\u00e3o Francisco, CA. https:\/\/api.planet.com.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Finer M, Novoa S, Olexy T, Scott A (2017) Boas not\u00edcias sobre hist\u00f3rias de desmatamento (Amaz\u00f4nia peruana). MAAP: 64.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Admitimos que a maioria\u00a0das hist\u00f3rias do MAAP\u00a0s\u00e3o sobre as m\u00e1s not\u00edcias do desmatamento da Amaz\u00f4nia. Mas, felizmente, h\u00e1 boas not\u00edcias tamb\u00e9m. Aqui destacamos\u00a0cinco boas not\u00edcias\u00a0da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana que mostram como o monitoramento quase em tempo real pode levar \u00e0 interrup\u00e7\u00e3o do desmatamento causado por amea\u00e7as emergentes, como a minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro e a agricultura em […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"ftr_agriculture":[354,364],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[400],"fire":[],"infrastructure-threat":[],"land-use":[],"mining-and-logging-threat":[459],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-23408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","ftr_agriculture-cacao-pt-br","ftr_agriculture-oleo-de-palma","ftr_country-peru","mining-and-logging-threat-mineracao-de-ouro"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #64: Boas not\u00edcias sobre hist\u00f3rias de desmatamento (Amaz\u00f4nia peruana) - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-64-portugues\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #64: Boas not\u00edcias sobre hist\u00f3rias de desmatamento (Amaz\u00f4nia peruana) - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Admitimos que a maioria\u00a0das hist\u00f3rias do MAAP\u00a0s\u00e3o sobre as m\u00e1s not\u00edcias do desmatamento da Amaz\u00f4nia. 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Mas, felizmente, h\u00e1 boas not\u00edcias tamb\u00e9m. Aqui destacamos\u00a0cinco boas not\u00edcias\u00a0da Amaz\u00f4nia peruana que mostram como o monitoramento quase em tempo real pode levar \u00e0 interrup\u00e7\u00e3o do desmatamento causado por amea\u00e7as emergentes, como a minera\u00e7\u00e3o de ouro e a agricultura em […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-64-portugues\/","og_site_name":"MAAP","article_published_time":"2017-07-17T14:01:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-09-23T12:42:22+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Peru-base_Planet.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"MAAP Consultants","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"MAAP Consultants","Est. tempo de leitura":"7 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