{"id":23413,"date":"2017-06-19T14:52:00","date_gmt":"2017-06-19T14:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/?p=23413"},"modified":"2024-09-23T12:50:21","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T12:50:21","slug":"maap-62-portugues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-62-portugues\/","title":{"rendered":"MAAP #62: Fogo, chuva e desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana"},"content":{"rendered":"

Em 2016, o Peru passou por uma intensa temporada de inc\u00eandios florestais (\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #52<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #53<\/span><\/a>\u00a0). Uma hip\u00f3tese importante era que a seca intensa facilitava a fuga de queimadas agr\u00edcolas. Para investigar, este relat\u00f3rio analisa a din\u00e2mica entre\u00a0<\/span>inc\u00eandios<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/span>precipita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0nos \u00faltimos 15 anos, encontrando uma\u00a0<\/span>forte correla\u00e7\u00e3o temporal<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(Imagem 62a). Tamb\u00e9m investigamos a liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre inc\u00eandios e perda florestal, encontrando uma correla\u00e7\u00e3o espacial.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Imagem 62a. Dados: TRMM, FIRMS\/NASA, PNCB\/MINAM, GLAD\/UMD<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Fogo e chuva<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A Imagem 62a<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(veja acima) compara dados de sat\u00e9lite para inc\u00eandios e precipita\u00e7\u00e3o. Observe que os tr\u00eas anos com\u00a0<\/span>menos chuva<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0(2005, 2010 e 2016) se correlacionam com\u00a0<\/span>mais inc\u00eandios<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0(veja as linhas rosas)*. Da mesma forma, os anos com mais chuva (2006 e 2014) se correlacionam com baixos n\u00edveis de inc\u00eandio. Portanto, o conjunto de dados de 15 anos indica uma forte correla\u00e7\u00e3o entre inc\u00eandios e precipita\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

As exce\u00e7\u00f5es de 2007 e 2012, que registaram picos de inc\u00eandios apesar da precipita\u00e7\u00e3o relativamente elevada, podem ser explicadas pelo estabelecimento de projetos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00f3leo de palma em larga escala, que geraram muitos inc\u00eandios (\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #16<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>MAAP #41<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

*Veja o Anexo para obter informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a import\u00e2ncia do aumento do n\u00famero de dias secos em 2005, 2010 e 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Perda de inc\u00eandios e florestas<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Imagem 62b. Dados: FIRMS\/NASA, PNCB\/MINAM, GLAD\/UMD<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n

A Imagem 62b<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0mostra a\u00a0<\/span>correla\u00e7\u00e3o espacial<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0entre inc\u00eandios e perda florestal na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana nos \u00faltimos 15 anos. As caixas inseridas indicam alguns dos hotspots que s\u00e3o comuns entre as duas vari\u00e1veis.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre fogo, chuva e perda florestal<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Imagem 62c. MAAP<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n

Existe uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre tr\u00eas vari\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bprincipais: fogo, chuva e perda florestal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pesquisas na Amaz\u00f4nia descobriram que a seca aumenta o material combust\u00edvel nas florestas (Refer\u00eancias 1, 2, 3).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Assim, como ilustrado na\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Imagem 62c,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a redu\u00e7\u00e3o da precipita\u00e7\u00e3o resulta num aumento de material combust\u00edvel que facilita as condi\u00e7\u00f5es para inc\u00eandios florestais e desmatamento, o que resulta, em \u00faltima an\u00e1lise, num aumento da perda florestal<\/span><\/span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Increase in Dry Days<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Imagem 62d: Dados: NASA\/IGP (Refer\u00eancia 6).<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n

Os anos com menor precipita\u00e7\u00e3o anual \u2013\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2005, 2010 e 2016 \u2013 tamb\u00e9m tiveram um aumento no n\u00famero de \u201cdias secos\u201d (24 horas sem precipita\u00e7\u00e3o). O n\u00famero de dias secos est\u00e1 ligado \u00e0 mortalidade de \u00e1rvores, gerando material inflam\u00e1vel (Refer\u00eancias 4-5).<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A Imagem 62d<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0mostra uma compara\u00e7\u00e3o da frequ\u00eancia de dias secos em duas esta\u00e7\u00f5es hidrom\u00e9tricas na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana do norte. Note que o n\u00famero de dias secos em 2016 foi semelhante \u00e0s secas hist\u00f3ricas de\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2005 e 2010.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O Instituto Geof\u00edsico do Peru (Instituto Geofisico del Per\u00fa) est\u00e1 monitorando a frequ\u00eancia de dias secos em tempo real, como parte de um estudo sobre eventos hidrol\u00f3gicos extremos na Amaz\u00f4nia. O monitoramento da frequ\u00eancia de dias secos, uma vari\u00e1vel-chave em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es vegetativas e \u00e0 atividade fotossint\u00e9tica na Amaz\u00f4nia durante secas extremas, pode ser um indicador importante do risco de inc\u00eandio florestal.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Refer\u00eancias<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

1. Alencar A et al. 2011. Variabilidade temporal de inc\u00eandios florestais na Amaz\u00f4nia Oriental. Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es Ecol\u00f3gicas. 21(7) 2397-2412.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Armanteras & Retana, 2012. Din\u00e2mica, padr\u00f5es e causas de inc\u00eandios no noroeste da Amaz\u00f4nia. ONE 7(4): e35288. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0035288<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Gutierrez Velez et al., 2014. Mudan\u00e7a na cobertura do solo interage com a severidade da seca para mudar regimes de fogo na Amaz\u00f4nia Ocidental. Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es Ecol\u00f3gicas. 24(6) 1323-1340.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Marengo, JA & Espinoza, JC 2015. Revis\u00e3o Secas e inunda\u00e7\u00f5es sazonais extremas na Amaz\u00f4nia: causas, tend\u00eancias e impactos. International Journal of Climatology.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Espinoza JC; Segura H; Ronchail J; Drapeau G; Gutierrez-Cori O. 2016. Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da frequ\u00eancia de dias \u00famidos e secos na bacia amaz\u00f4nica ocidental: rela\u00e7\u00e3o com a circula\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica e impactos na vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o. Water Resources Research.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Projeto IGP-IRD, financiado atrav\u00e9s do Innovate Peru: 397-PNICP-PIAP-2014:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/intranet.igp.gob.pe\/eventos-extremos-amazonia-peruana\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Cita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Novoa S, Finer M (2017) Fogo, chuva e desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana. MAAP: 62.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Em 2016, o Peru passou por uma intensa temporada de inc\u00eandios florestais (\u00a0MAAP #52\u00a0,\u00a0MAAP #53\u00a0). Uma hip\u00f3tese importante era que a seca intensa facilitava a fuga de queimadas agr\u00edcolas. Para investigar, este relat\u00f3rio analisa a din\u00e2mica entre\u00a0inc\u00eandios\u00a0e\u00a0precipita\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0nos \u00faltimos 15 anos, encontrando uma\u00a0forte correla\u00e7\u00e3o temporal\u00a0(Imagem 62a). Tamb\u00e9m investigamos a liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre inc\u00eandios e perda florestal, encontrando […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"ftr_agriculture":[],"carbon-and-climate-change":[],"ftr_country":[400],"fire":[453],"infrastructure-threat":[],"land-use":[],"mining-and-logging-threat":[],"natural-forest-loss":[],"special-analysis":[],"class_list":["post-23413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nao-categorizado","ftr_country-peru","fire-incendios-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAAP #62: Fogo, chuva e desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana - MAAP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maapprogram.org\/pt-br\/maap-62-portugues\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAAP #62: Fogo, chuva e desmatamento na Amaz\u00f4nia peruana - MAAP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Em 2016, o Peru passou por uma intensa temporada de inc\u00eandios florestais (\u00a0MAAP #52\u00a0,\u00a0MAAP #53\u00a0). Uma hip\u00f3tese importante era que a seca intensa facilitava a fuga de queimadas agr\u00edcolas. Para investigar, este relat\u00f3rio analisa a din\u00e2mica entre\u00a0inc\u00eandios\u00a0e\u00a0precipita\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0nos \u00faltimos 15 anos, encontrando uma\u00a0forte correla\u00e7\u00e3o temporal\u00a0(Imagem 62a). 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